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# DotStar strip driver for MicroPython
#
# The MIT License (MIT)
#
# Copyright (c) 2016 Damien P. George (original Neopixel object)
# Copyright (c) 2017 Ladyada
# Copyright (c) 2017 Scott Shawcroft for Adafruit Industries
# Copyright (c) 2019 Matt Trentini (porting back to MicroPython)
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
# THE SOFTWARE.
START_HEADER_SIZE = 4
LED_START = 0b11100000 # Three "1" bits, followed by 5 brightness bits
# Pixel color order constants
RGB = (0, 1, 2)
RBG = (0, 2, 1)
GRB = (1, 0, 2)
GBR = (1, 2, 0)
BRG = (2, 0, 1)
BGR = (2, 1, 0)
class DotStar:
"""
A sequence of dotstars.
:param SPI spi: The SPI object to write output to.
:param int n: The number of dotstars in the chain
:param float brightness: Brightness of the pixels between 0.0 and 1.0
:param bool auto_write: True if the dotstars should immediately change when
set. If False, `show` must be called explicitly.
:param tuple pixel_order: Set the pixel order on the strip - different
strips implement this differently. If you send red, and it looks blue
or green on the strip, modify this! It should be one of the values above
Example for TinyPICO:
.. code-block:: python
from dotstar import DotStar
from machine import Pin, SPI
spi = SPI(sck=Pin(12), mosi=Pin(13), miso=Pin(18)) # Configure SPI - note: miso is unused
dotstar = DotStar(spi, 1)
dotstar[0] = (128, 0, 0) # Red
"""
def __init__(self, spi, n, *, brightness=1.0, auto_write=True, pixel_order=BGR):
self._spi = spi
self._n = n
# Supply one extra clock cycle for each two pixels in the strip.
self.end_header_size = n // 16
if n % 16 != 0:
self.end_header_size += 1
self._buf = bytearray(n * 4 + START_HEADER_SIZE + self.end_header_size)
self.end_header_index = len(self._buf) - self.end_header_size
self.pixel_order = pixel_order
# Four empty bytes to start.
for i in range(START_HEADER_SIZE):
self._buf[i] = 0x00
# Mark the beginnings of each pixel.
for i in range(START_HEADER_SIZE, self.end_header_index, 4):
self._buf[i] = 0xFF
# 0xff bytes at the end.
for i in range(self.end_header_index, len(self._buf)):
self._buf[i] = 0xFF
self._brightness = 1.0
# Set auto_write to False temporarily so brightness setter does _not_
# call show() while in __init__.
self.auto_write = False
self.brightness = brightness
self.auto_write = auto_write
def deinit(self):
"""Blank out the DotStars and release the resources."""
self.auto_write = False
for i in range(START_HEADER_SIZE, self.end_header_index):
if i % 4 != 0:
self._buf[i] = 0
self.show()
if self._spi:
self._spi.deinit()
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, exception_type, exception_value, traceback):
self.deinit()
def __repr__(self):
return "[" + ", ".join([str(x) for x in self]) + "]"
def _set_item(self, index, value):
"""
value can be one of three things:
a (r,g,b) list/tuple
a (r,g,b, brightness) list/tuple
a single, longer int that contains RGB values, like 0xFFFFFF
brightness, if specified should be a float 0-1
Set a pixel value. You can set per-pixel brightness here, if it's not passed it
will use the max value for pixel brightness value, which is a good default.
Important notes about the per-pixel brightness - it's accomplished by
PWMing the entire output of the LED, and that PWM is at a much
slower clock than the rest of the LEDs. This can cause problems in
Persistence of Vision Applications
"""
offset = index * 4 + START_HEADER_SIZE
rgb = value
if isinstance(value, int):
rgb = (value >> 16, (value >> 8) & 0xFF, value & 0xFF)
if len(rgb) == 4:
brightness = value[3]
# Ignore value[3] below.
else:
brightness = 1
# LED startframe is three "1" bits, followed by 5 brightness bits
# then 8 bits for each of R, G, and B. The order of those 3 are configurable and
# vary based on hardware
# same as math.ceil(brightness * 31) & 0b00011111
# Idea from https://www.codeproject.com/Tips/700780/Fast-floor-ceiling-functions
brightness_byte = 32 - int(32 - brightness * 31) & 0b00011111
self._buf[offset] = brightness_byte | LED_START
self._buf[offset + 1] = rgb[self.pixel_order[0]]
self._buf[offset + 2] = rgb[self.pixel_order[1]]
self._buf[offset + 3] = rgb[self.pixel_order[2]]
def __setitem__(self, index, val):
if isinstance(index, slice):
start, stop, step = index.indices(self._n)
length = stop - start
if step != 0:
# same as math.ceil(length / step)
# Idea from https://fizzbuzzer.com/implement-a-ceil-function/
length = (length + step - 1) // step
if len(val) != length:
raise ValueError("Slice and input sequence size do not match.")
for val_i, in_i in enumerate(range(start, stop, step)):
self._set_item(in_i, val[val_i])
else:
self._set_item(index, val)
if self.auto_write:
self.show()
def __getitem__(self, index):
if isinstance(index, slice):
out = []
for in_i in range(*index.indices(self._n)):
out.append(
tuple(self._buf[in_i * 4 + (3 - i) + START_HEADER_SIZE] for i in range(3))
)
return out
if index < 0:
index += len(self)
if index >= self._n or index < 0:
raise IndexError
offset = index * 4
return tuple(self._buf[offset + (3 - i) + START_HEADER_SIZE] for i in range(3))
def __len__(self):
return self._n
@property
def brightness(self):
"""Overall brightness of the pixel"""
return self._brightness
@brightness.setter
def brightness(self, brightness):
self._brightness = min(max(brightness, 0.0), 1.0)
if self.auto_write:
self.show()
def fill(self, color):
"""Colors all pixels the given ***color***."""
auto_write = self.auto_write
self.auto_write = False
for i in range(self._n):
self[i] = color
if auto_write:
self.show()
self.auto_write = auto_write
def show(self):
"""Shows the new colors on the pixels themselves if they haven't already
been autowritten.
The colors may or may not be showing after this function returns because
it may be done asynchronously."""
# Create a second output buffer if we need to compute brightness
buf = self._buf
if self.brightness < 1.0:
buf = bytearray(self._buf)
# Four empty bytes to start.
for i in range(START_HEADER_SIZE):
buf[i] = 0x00
for i in range(START_HEADER_SIZE, self.end_header_index):
buf[i] = self._buf[i] if i % 4 == 0 else int(self._buf[i] * self._brightness)
# Four 0xff bytes at the end.
for i in range(self.end_header_index, len(buf)):
buf[i] = 0xFF
if self._spi:
self._spi.write(buf)
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