py/objcode: Factor code object out into its own file.

The `mp_obj_code_t` and `mp_type_code` code object was defined internally
in both `py/builtinevex.c` and `py/profile.c`, with completely different
implementations (the former very minimal, the latter quite complete).

This commit factors these implementations into a new, separate source file,
and allows the code object to have four different modes, selected at
compile-time:

- MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE_NONE: code object not included in the build.

- MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE_MINIMUM: very simple code object that just holds
  a reference to the function that it represents.  This level is used when
  MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_COMPILE is enabled.

- MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE_BASIC: simple code object that holds a reference
  to the proto-function and its constants.

- MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE_FULL: almost complete implementation of the code
  object.  This level is used when MICROPY_PY_SYS_SETTRACE is enabled.

Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>

12 files changed, 337 insertions, 166 deletions

diff --git a/py/builtinevex.c b/py/builtinevex.c
index e25cbd4d08..74a4640492 100644
--- a/py/builtinevex.c
+++ b/py/builtinevex.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+#include "py/objcode.h"
 #include "py/objfun.h"
 #include "py/compile.h"
 #include "py/runtime.h"
@@ -33,17 +34,6 @@
 
 #if MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_COMPILE
 
-typedef struct _mp_obj_code_t {
-    mp_obj_base_t base;
-    mp_obj_t module_fun;
-} mp_obj_code_t;
-
-static MP_DEFINE_CONST_OBJ_TYPE(
-    mp_type_code,
-    MP_QSTR_code,
-    MP_TYPE_FLAG_NONE
-    );
-
 static mp_obj_t code_execute(mp_obj_code_t *self, mp_obj_dict_t *globals, mp_obj_dict_t *locals) {
     // save context
     nlr_jump_callback_node_globals_locals_t ctx;
@@ -57,19 +47,28 @@ static mp_obj_t code_execute(mp_obj_code_t *self, mp_obj_dict_t *globals, mp_obj
     // set exception handler to restore context if an exception is raised
     nlr_push_jump_callback(&ctx.callback, mp_globals_locals_set_from_nlr_jump_callback);
 
+    #if MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE >= MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE_BASIC
+    mp_module_context_t *module_context = m_new_obj(mp_module_context_t);
+    module_context->module.base.type = &mp_type_module;
+    module_context->module.globals = globals;
+    module_context->constants = *mp_code_get_constants(self);
+    mp_obj_t module_fun = mp_make_function_from_proto_fun(mp_code_get_proto_fun(self), module_context, NULL);
+    #else
     // The call to mp_parse_compile_execute() in mp_builtin_compile() below passes
     // NULL for the globals, so repopulate that entry now with the correct globals.
+    mp_obj_t module_fun = self->module_fun;
     if (mp_obj_is_type(self->module_fun, &mp_type_fun_bc)
         #if MICROPY_EMIT_NATIVE
         || mp_obj_is_type(self->module_fun, &mp_type_fun_native)
         #endif
         ) {
-        mp_obj_fun_bc_t *fun_bc = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self->module_fun);
+        mp_obj_fun_bc_t *fun_bc = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(module_fun);
         ((mp_module_context_t *)fun_bc->context)->module.globals = globals;
     }
+    #endif
 
     // execute code
-    mp_obj_t ret = mp_call_function_0(self->module_fun);
+    mp_obj_t ret = mp_call_function_0(module_fun);
 
     // deregister exception handler and restore context
     nlr_pop_jump_callback(true);
@@ -108,9 +107,29 @@ static mp_obj_t mp_builtin_compile(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *args) {
             mp_raise_ValueError(MP_ERROR_TEXT("bad compile mode"));
     }
 
-    mp_obj_code_t *code = mp_obj_malloc(mp_obj_code_t, &mp_type_code);
-    code->module_fun = mp_parse_compile_execute(lex, parse_input_kind, NULL, NULL);
-    return MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(code);
+    #if MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE >= MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE_BASIC
+
+    mp_parse_tree_t parse_tree = mp_parse(lex, parse_input_kind);
+    mp_module_context_t ctx;
+    ctx.module.globals = NULL;
+    mp_compiled_module_t cm;
+    cm.context = &ctx;
+    mp_compile_to_raw_code(&parse_tree, lex->source_name, parse_input_kind == MP_PARSE_SINGLE_INPUT, &cm);
+
+    #if MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE >= MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE_FULL
+    mp_module_context_t *ctx_ptr = m_new_obj(mp_module_context_t);
+    *ctx_ptr = ctx;
+    return mp_obj_new_code(ctx_ptr, cm.rc, true);
+    #else
+    return mp_obj_new_code(ctx.constants, cm.rc);
+    #endif
+
+    #else
+
+    mp_obj_t module_fun = mp_parse_compile_execute(lex, parse_input_kind, NULL, NULL);
+    return mp_obj_new_code(module_fun);
+
+    #endif
 }
 MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_VAR_BETWEEN(mp_builtin_compile_obj, 3, 6, mp_builtin_compile);
 
diff --git a/py/compile.c b/py/compile.c
index 60f06d7773..7a1151bcd6 100644
--- a/py/compile.c
+++ b/py/compile.c
@@ -3467,7 +3467,7 @@ static void scope_compute_things(scope_t *scope) {
     }
 }
 
-#if !MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE_SAVE
+#if !MICROPY_EXPOSE_MP_COMPILE_TO_RAW_CODE
 static
 #endif
 void mp_compile_to_raw_code(mp_parse_tree_t *parse_tree, qstr source_file, bool is_repl, mp_compiled_module_t *cm) {
diff --git a/py/compile.h b/py/compile.h
index f9970a521d..64afc487d7 100644
--- a/py/compile.h
+++ b/py/compile.h
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@
 #include "py/parse.h"
 #include "py/emitglue.h"
 
+// Whether mp_compile_to_raw_code is exposed as a public function.
+#define MICROPY_EXPOSE_MP_COMPILE_TO_RAW_CODE (MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE >= MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE_BASIC || MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE_SAVE)
+
 #if MICROPY_COMP_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT
 // set to `true` to allow top-level await expressions
 extern bool mp_compile_allow_top_level_await;
@@ -40,7 +43,7 @@ extern bool mp_compile_allow_top_level_await;
 // mp_globals_get() will be used for the context
 mp_obj_t mp_compile(mp_parse_tree_t *parse_tree, qstr source_file, bool is_repl);
 
-#if MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE_SAVE
+#if MICROPY_EXPOSE_MP_COMPILE_TO_RAW_CODE
 // this has the same semantics as mp_compile
 void mp_compile_to_raw_code(mp_parse_tree_t *parse_tree, qstr source_file, bool is_repl, mp_compiled_module_t *cm);
 #endif
diff --git a/py/mpconfig.h b/py/mpconfig.h
index 64138a9ea7..76aff4681d 100644
--- a/py/mpconfig.h
+++ b/py/mpconfig.h
@@ -1129,6 +1129,15 @@ typedef double mp_float_t;
 #define MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_BYTEARRAY (MICROPY_CONFIG_ROM_LEVEL_AT_LEAST_CORE_FEATURES)
 #endif
 
+// Whether to support code objects, and how many features they have
+#define MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE_NONE       (0)
+#define MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE_MINIMUM    (1)
+#define MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE_BASIC      (2)
+#define MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE_FULL       (3)
+#ifndef MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE
+#define MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE            (MICROPY_PY_SYS_SETTRACE ? MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE_FULL : (MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_COMPILE ? MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE_MINIMUM : MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE_NONE))
+#endif
+
 // Whether to support dict.fromkeys() class method
 #ifndef MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_DICT_FROMKEYS
 #define MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_DICT_FROMKEYS (MICROPY_CONFIG_ROM_LEVEL_AT_LEAST_CORE_FEATURES)
diff --git a/py/obj.h b/py/obj.h
index bd31ef11d0..93d1e0ee34 100644
--- a/py/obj.h
+++ b/py/obj.h
@@ -840,6 +840,7 @@ extern const mp_obj_type_t mp_type_fun_bc;
 extern const mp_obj_type_t mp_type_fun_native;
 extern const mp_obj_type_t mp_type_fun_viper;
 extern const mp_obj_type_t mp_type_fun_asm;
+extern const mp_obj_type_t mp_type_code;
 extern const mp_obj_type_t mp_type_module;
 extern const mp_obj_type_t mp_type_staticmethod;
 extern const mp_obj_type_t mp_type_classmethod;
diff --git a/py/objcode.c b/py/objcode.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9b98a69679
--- /dev/null
+++ b/py/objcode.c
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the MicroPython project, http://micropython.org/
+ *
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Damien P. George
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include "py/objcode.h"
+
+#if MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE == MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE_NONE
+
+// Code object not implemented at this configuration level.
+
+#elif MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE <= MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE_BASIC
+
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_OBJ_TYPE(
+    mp_type_code,
+    MP_QSTR_code,
+    MP_TYPE_FLAG_NONE
+    );
+
+#elif MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE <= MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE_FULL
+
+#include "py/profile.h"
+
+static void code_print(const mp_print_t *print, mp_obj_t o_in, mp_print_kind_t kind) {
+    (void)kind;
+    mp_obj_code_t *o = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(o_in);
+    const mp_raw_code_t *rc = o->rc;
+    const mp_bytecode_prelude_t *prelude = &rc->prelude;
+    mp_printf(print,
+        "<code object %q at 0x%p, file \"%q\", line %d>",
+        MP_CODE_QSTR_MAP(o->context, prelude->qstr_block_name_idx),
+        o,
+        MP_CODE_QSTR_MAP(o->context, 0),
+        rc->line_of_definition
+        );
+}
+
+static mp_obj_tuple_t *code_consts(const mp_module_context_t *context, const mp_raw_code_t *rc) {
+    mp_obj_tuple_t *consts = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(mp_obj_new_tuple(rc->n_children + 1, NULL));
+
+    size_t const_no = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < rc->n_children; ++i) {
+        mp_obj_t code = mp_obj_new_code(context, rc->children[i], true);
+        consts->items[const_no++] = code;
+    }
+    consts->items[const_no++] = mp_const_none;
+
+    return consts;
+}
+
+static mp_obj_t raw_code_lnotab(const mp_raw_code_t *rc) {
+    // const mp_bytecode_prelude_t *prelude = &rc->prelude;
+    uint start = 0;
+    uint stop = rc->fun_data_len - start;
+
+    uint last_lineno = mp_prof_bytecode_lineno(rc, start);
+    uint lasti = 0;
+
+    const uint buffer_chunk_size = (stop - start) >> 2; // heuristic magic
+    uint buffer_size = buffer_chunk_size;
+    byte *buffer = m_new(byte, buffer_size);
+    uint buffer_index = 0;
+
+    for (uint i = start; i < stop; ++i) {
+        uint lineno = mp_prof_bytecode_lineno(rc, i);
+        size_t line_diff = lineno - last_lineno;
+        if (line_diff > 0) {
+            uint instr_diff = (i - start) - lasti;
+
+            assert(instr_diff < 256);
+            assert(line_diff < 256);
+
+            if (buffer_index + 2 > buffer_size) {
+                buffer = m_renew(byte, buffer, buffer_size, buffer_size + buffer_chunk_size);
+                buffer_size = buffer_size + buffer_chunk_size;
+            }
+            last_lineno = lineno;
+            lasti = i - start;
+            buffer[buffer_index++] = instr_diff;
+            buffer[buffer_index++] = line_diff;
+        }
+    }
+
+    mp_obj_t o = mp_obj_new_bytes(buffer, buffer_index);
+    m_del(byte, buffer, buffer_size);
+    return o;
+}
+
+static void code_attr(mp_obj_t self_in, qstr attr, mp_obj_t *dest) {
+    if (dest[0] != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
+        // not load attribute
+        return;
+    }
+    mp_obj_code_t *o = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
+    const mp_raw_code_t *rc = o->rc;
+    const mp_bytecode_prelude_t *prelude = &rc->prelude;
+    switch (attr) {
+        case MP_QSTR_co_code:
+            dest[0] = mp_obj_new_bytes(
+                (void *)prelude->opcodes,
+                rc->fun_data_len - (prelude->opcodes - (const byte *)rc->fun_data)
+                );
+            break;
+        case MP_QSTR_co_consts:
+            dest[0] = MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(code_consts(o->context, rc));
+            break;
+        case MP_QSTR_co_filename:
+            dest[0] = MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_CODE_QSTR_MAP(o->context, 0));
+            break;
+        case MP_QSTR_co_firstlineno:
+            dest[0] = MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT(mp_prof_bytecode_lineno(rc, 0));
+            break;
+        case MP_QSTR_co_name:
+            dest[0] = MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_CODE_QSTR_MAP(o->context, prelude->qstr_block_name_idx));
+            break;
+        case MP_QSTR_co_names:
+            dest[0] = MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(o->dict_locals);
+            break;
+        case MP_QSTR_co_lnotab:
+            if (!o->lnotab) {
+                o->lnotab = raw_code_lnotab(rc);
+            }
+            dest[0] = o->lnotab;
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_OBJ_TYPE(
+    mp_type_code,
+    MP_QSTR_code,
+    MP_TYPE_FLAG_NONE,
+    print, code_print,
+    attr, code_attr
+    );
+
+mp_obj_t mp_obj_new_code(const mp_module_context_t *context, const mp_raw_code_t *rc, bool result_required) {
+    mp_obj_code_t *o;
+    if (result_required) {
+        o = m_new_obj(mp_obj_code_t);
+    } else {
+        o = m_new_obj_maybe(mp_obj_code_t);
+        if (o == NULL) {
+            return MP_OBJ_NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    o->base.type = &mp_type_code;
+    o->context = context;
+    o->rc = rc;
+    o->dict_locals = mp_locals_get(); // this is a wrong! how to do this properly?
+    o->lnotab = MP_OBJ_NULL;
+    return MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(o);
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/py/objcode.h b/py/objcode.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8db9a34b6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/py/objcode.h
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the MicroPython project, http://micropython.org/
+ *
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Damien P. George
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef MICROPY_INCLUDED_PY_OBJCODE_H
+#define MICROPY_INCLUDED_PY_OBJCODE_H
+
+#include "py/bc.h"
+
+#if MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE == MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE_NONE
+
+// Code object not implemented at this configuration level.
+
+#elif MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE <= MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE_MINIMUM
+
+typedef struct _mp_obj_code_t {
+    mp_obj_base_t base;
+    mp_obj_t module_fun;
+} mp_obj_code_t;
+
+static inline mp_obj_t mp_obj_new_code(mp_obj_t module_fun) {
+    mp_obj_code_t *code = mp_obj_malloc(mp_obj_code_t, &mp_type_code);
+    code->module_fun = module_fun;
+    return MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(code);
+}
+
+#elif MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE <= MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE_BASIC
+
+typedef struct _mp_obj_code_t {
+    mp_obj_base_t base;
+    mp_module_constants_t constants;
+    const void *proto_fun;
+} mp_obj_code_t;
+
+static inline mp_obj_t mp_obj_new_code(const mp_module_constants_t constants, const void *proto_fun) {
+    mp_obj_code_t *code = mp_obj_malloc(mp_obj_code_t, &mp_type_code);
+    code->constants = constants;
+    code->proto_fun = proto_fun;
+    return MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(code);
+}
+
+static inline const mp_module_constants_t *mp_code_get_constants(mp_obj_code_t *self) {
+    return &self->constants;
+}
+
+static inline const void *mp_code_get_proto_fun(mp_obj_code_t *self) {
+    return self->proto_fun;
+}
+
+#elif MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE <= MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE_FULL
+
+#include "py/emitglue.h"
+
+#define MP_CODE_QSTR_MAP(context, idx) (context->constants.qstr_table[idx])
+
+typedef struct _mp_obj_code_t {
+    // TODO this was 4 words
+    mp_obj_base_t base;
+    const mp_module_context_t *context;
+    const mp_raw_code_t *rc;
+    mp_obj_dict_t *dict_locals;
+    mp_obj_t lnotab;
+} mp_obj_code_t;
+
+mp_obj_t mp_obj_new_code(const mp_module_context_t *context, const mp_raw_code_t *rc, bool result_required);
+
+static inline const mp_module_constants_t *mp_code_get_constants(mp_obj_code_t *self) {
+    return &self->context->constants;
+}
+
+static inline const void *mp_code_get_proto_fun(mp_obj_code_t *self) {
+    // A mp_raw_code_t is always a proto_fun (but not the other way around).
+    return self->rc;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#endif // MICROPY_INCLUDED_PY_OBJCODE_H
diff --git a/py/profile.c b/py/profile.c
index 92f414ace7..397d0291f9 100644
--- a/py/profile.c
+++ b/py/profile.c
@@ -38,9 +38,8 @@
 #endif
 
 #define prof_trace_cb MP_STATE_THREAD(prof_trace_callback)
-#define QSTR_MAP(context, idx) (context->constants.qstr_table[idx])
 
-static uint mp_prof_bytecode_lineno(const mp_raw_code_t *rc, size_t bc) {
+uint mp_prof_bytecode_lineno(const mp_raw_code_t *rc, size_t bc) {
     const mp_bytecode_prelude_t *prelude = &rc->prelude;
     return mp_bytecode_get_source_line(prelude->line_info, prelude->line_info_top, bc);
 }
@@ -69,137 +68,6 @@ void mp_prof_extract_prelude(const byte *bytecode, mp_bytecode_prelude_t *prelud
 }
 
 /******************************************************************************/
-// code object
-
-static void code_print(const mp_print_t *print, mp_obj_t o_in, mp_print_kind_t kind) {
-    (void)kind;
-    mp_obj_code_t *o = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(o_in);
-    const mp_raw_code_t *rc = o->rc;
-    const mp_bytecode_prelude_t *prelude = &rc->prelude;
-    mp_printf(print,
-        "<code object %q at 0x%p, file \"%q\", line %d>",
-        QSTR_MAP(o->context, prelude->qstr_block_name_idx),
-        o,
-        QSTR_MAP(o->context, 0),
-        rc->line_of_definition
-        );
-}
-
-static mp_obj_tuple_t *code_consts(const mp_module_context_t *context, const mp_raw_code_t *rc) {
-    mp_obj_tuple_t *consts = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(mp_obj_new_tuple(rc->n_children + 1, NULL));
-
-    size_t const_no = 0;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < rc->n_children; ++i) {
-        mp_obj_t code = mp_obj_new_code(context, rc->children[i]);
-        if (code == MP_OBJ_NULL) {
-            m_malloc_fail(sizeof(mp_obj_code_t));
-        }
-        consts->items[const_no++] = code;
-    }
-    consts->items[const_no++] = mp_const_none;
-
-    return consts;
-}
-
-static mp_obj_t raw_code_lnotab(const mp_raw_code_t *rc) {
-    // const mp_bytecode_prelude_t *prelude = &rc->prelude;
-    uint start = 0;
-    uint stop = rc->fun_data_len - start;
-
-    uint last_lineno = mp_prof_bytecode_lineno(rc, start);
-    uint lasti = 0;
-
-    const uint buffer_chunk_size = (stop - start) >> 2; // heuristic magic
-    uint buffer_size = buffer_chunk_size;
-    byte *buffer = m_new(byte, buffer_size);
-    uint buffer_index = 0;
-
-    for (uint i = start; i < stop; ++i) {
-        uint lineno = mp_prof_bytecode_lineno(rc, i);
-        size_t line_diff = lineno - last_lineno;
-        if (line_diff > 0) {
-            uint instr_diff = (i - start) - lasti;
-
-            assert(instr_diff < 256);
-            assert(line_diff < 256);
-
-            if (buffer_index + 2 > buffer_size) {
-                buffer = m_renew(byte, buffer, buffer_size, buffer_size + buffer_chunk_size);
-                buffer_size = buffer_size + buffer_chunk_size;
-            }
-            last_lineno = lineno;
-            lasti = i - start;
-            buffer[buffer_index++] = instr_diff;
-            buffer[buffer_index++] = line_diff;
-        }
-    }
-
-    mp_obj_t o = mp_obj_new_bytes(buffer, buffer_index);
-    m_del(byte, buffer, buffer_size);
-    return o;
-}
-
-static void code_attr(mp_obj_t self_in, qstr attr, mp_obj_t *dest) {
-    if (dest[0] != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
-        // not load attribute
-        return;
-    }
-    mp_obj_code_t *o = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
-    const mp_raw_code_t *rc = o->rc;
-    const mp_bytecode_prelude_t *prelude = &rc->prelude;
-    switch (attr) {
-        case MP_QSTR_co_code:
-            dest[0] = mp_obj_new_bytes(
-                (void *)prelude->opcodes,
-                rc->fun_data_len - (prelude->opcodes - (const byte *)rc->fun_data)
-                );
-            break;
-        case MP_QSTR_co_consts:
-            dest[0] = MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(code_consts(o->context, rc));
-            break;
-        case MP_QSTR_co_filename:
-            dest[0] = MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(QSTR_MAP(o->context, 0));
-            break;
-        case MP_QSTR_co_firstlineno:
-            dest[0] = MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT(mp_prof_bytecode_lineno(rc, 0));
-            break;
-        case MP_QSTR_co_name:
-            dest[0] = MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(QSTR_MAP(o->context, prelude->qstr_block_name_idx));
-            break;
-        case MP_QSTR_co_names:
-            dest[0] = MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(o->dict_locals);
-            break;
-        case MP_QSTR_co_lnotab:
-            if (!o->lnotab) {
-                o->lnotab = raw_code_lnotab(rc);
-            }
-            dest[0] = o->lnotab;
-            break;
-    }
-}
-
-MP_DEFINE_CONST_OBJ_TYPE(
-    mp_type_settrace_codeobj,
-    MP_QSTR_code,
-    MP_TYPE_FLAG_NONE,
-    print, code_print,
-    attr, code_attr
-    );
-
-mp_obj_t mp_obj_new_code(const mp_module_context_t *context, const mp_raw_code_t *rc) {
-    mp_obj_code_t *o = m_new_obj_maybe(mp_obj_code_t);
-    if (o == NULL) {
-        return MP_OBJ_NULL;
-    }
-    o->base.type = &mp_type_settrace_codeobj;
-    o->context = context;
-    o->rc = rc;
-    o->dict_locals = mp_locals_get(); // this is a wrong! how to do this properly?
-    o->lnotab = MP_OBJ_NULL;
-    return MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(o);
-}
-
-/******************************************************************************/
 // frame object
 
 static void frame_print(const mp_print_t *print, mp_obj_t o_in, mp_print_kind_t kind) {
@@ -211,9 +79,9 @@ static void frame_print(const mp_print_t *print, mp_obj_t o_in, mp_print_kind_t
     mp_printf(print,
         "<frame at 0x%p, file '%q', line %d, code %q>",
         frame,
-        QSTR_MAP(code->context, 0),
+        MP_CODE_QSTR_MAP(code->context, 0),
         frame->lineno,
-        QSTR_MAP(code->context, prelude->qstr_block_name_idx)
+        MP_CODE_QSTR_MAP(code->context, prelude->qstr_block_name_idx)
         );
 }
 
@@ -265,7 +133,7 @@ mp_obj_t mp_obj_new_frame(const mp_code_state_t *code_state) {
         return MP_OBJ_NULL;
     }
 
-    mp_obj_code_t *code = o->code = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(mp_obj_new_code(code_state->fun_bc->context, code_state->fun_bc->rc));
+    mp_obj_code_t *code = o->code = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(mp_obj_new_code(code_state->fun_bc->context, code_state->fun_bc->rc, false));
     if (code == NULL) {
         return MP_OBJ_NULL;
     }
diff --git a/py/profile.h b/py/profile.h
index 7f3f914034..db72b9f076 100644
--- a/py/profile.h
+++ b/py/profile.h
@@ -28,20 +28,12 @@
 #define MICROPY_INCLUDED_PY_PROFILING_H
 
 #include "py/emitglue.h"
+#include "py/objcode.h"
 
 #if MICROPY_PY_SYS_SETTRACE
 
 #define mp_prof_is_executing MP_STATE_THREAD(prof_callback_is_executing)
 
-typedef struct _mp_obj_code_t {
-    // TODO this was 4 words
-    mp_obj_base_t base;
-    const mp_module_context_t *context;
-    const mp_raw_code_t *rc;
-    mp_obj_dict_t *dict_locals;
-    mp_obj_t lnotab;
-} mp_obj_code_t;
-
 typedef struct _mp_obj_frame_t {
     mp_obj_base_t base;
     const mp_code_state_t *code_state;
@@ -53,9 +45,9 @@ typedef struct _mp_obj_frame_t {
     bool trace_opcodes;
 } mp_obj_frame_t;
 
+uint mp_prof_bytecode_lineno(const mp_raw_code_t *rc, size_t bc);
 void mp_prof_extract_prelude(const byte *bytecode, mp_bytecode_prelude_t *prelude);
 
-mp_obj_t mp_obj_new_code(const mp_module_context_t *mc, const mp_raw_code_t *rc);
 mp_obj_t mp_obj_new_frame(const mp_code_state_t *code_state);
 
 // This is the implementation for the sys.settrace
diff --git a/py/py.cmake b/py/py.cmake
index 0fee74ddcb..1c81ed4c58 100644
--- a/py/py.cmake
+++ b/py/py.cmake
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ set(MICROPY_SOURCE_PY
     ${MICROPY_PY_DIR}/objattrtuple.c
     ${MICROPY_PY_DIR}/objbool.c
     ${MICROPY_PY_DIR}/objboundmeth.c
+    ${MICROPY_PY_DIR}/objcode.c
     ${MICROPY_PY_DIR}/objcell.c
     ${MICROPY_PY_DIR}/objclosure.c
     ${MICROPY_PY_DIR}/objcomplex.c
diff --git a/py/py.mk b/py/py.mk
index c0b7e1ac8b..e352d89792 100644
--- a/py/py.mk
+++ b/py/py.mk
@@ -149,6 +149,7 @@ PY_CORE_O_BASENAME = $(addprefix py/,\
 	objboundmeth.o \
 	objcell.o \
 	objclosure.o \
+	objcode.o \
 	objcomplex.o \
 	objdeque.o \
 	objdict.o \
diff --git a/py/runtime.c b/py/runtime.c
index deb55bf283..bf26921f9a 100644
--- a/py/runtime.c
+++ b/py/runtime.c
@@ -1620,10 +1620,13 @@ mp_obj_t mp_parse_compile_execute(mp_lexer_t *lex, mp_parse_input_kind_t parse_i
     mp_obj_t module_fun = mp_compile(&parse_tree, source_name, parse_input_kind == MP_PARSE_SINGLE_INPUT);
 
     mp_obj_t ret;
-    if (MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_COMPILE && globals == NULL) {
+    #if MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_COMPILE && MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE == MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_CODE_MINIMUM
+    if (globals == NULL) {
         // for compile only, return value is the module function
         ret = module_fun;
-    } else {
+    } else
+    #endif
+    {
         // execute module function and get return value
         ret = mp_call_function_0(module_fun);
     }