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Diffstat (limited to 'core/includes/bootstrap.inc')
| -rw-r--r-- | core/includes/bootstrap.inc | 3350 |
1 files changed, 3350 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/core/includes/bootstrap.inc b/core/includes/bootstrap.inc new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1cd7ac2fda5 --- /dev/null +++ b/core/includes/bootstrap.inc @@ -0,0 +1,3350 @@ +<?php + +/** + * @file + * Functions that need to be loaded on every Drupal request. + */ + +/** + * The current system version. + */ +define('VERSION', '8.0-dev'); + +/** + * Core API compatibility. + */ +define('DRUPAL_CORE_COMPATIBILITY', '8.x'); + +/** + * Minimum supported version of PHP. + */ +define('DRUPAL_MINIMUM_PHP', '5.3.2'); + +/** + * Minimum recommended value of PHP memory_limit. + */ +define('DRUPAL_MINIMUM_PHP_MEMORY_LIMIT', '32M'); + +/** + * Indicates that the item should never be removed unless explicitly selected. + * + * The item may be removed using cache()->delete() with a cache ID. + */ +define('CACHE_PERMANENT', 0); + +/** + * Indicates that the item should be removed at the next general cache wipe. + */ +define('CACHE_TEMPORARY', -1); + +/** + * @defgroup logging_severity_levels Logging severity levels + * @{ + * Logging severity levels as defined in RFC 3164. + * + * The WATCHDOG_* constant definitions correspond to the logging severity levels + * defined in RFC 3164, section 4.1.1. PHP supplies predefined LOG_* constants + * for use in the syslog() function, but their values on Windows builds do not + * correspond to RFC 3164. The associated PHP bug report was closed with the + * comment, "And it's also not a bug, as Windows just have less log levels," + * and "So the behavior you're seeing is perfectly normal." + * + * @see http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3164.html + * @see http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=18090 + * @see http://php.net/manual/function.syslog.php + * @see http://php.net/manual/network.constants.php + * @see watchdog() + * @see watchdog_severity_levels() + */ + +/** + * Log message severity -- Emergency: system is unusable. + */ +define('WATCHDOG_EMERGENCY', 0); + +/** + * Log message severity -- Alert: action must be taken immediately. + */ +define('WATCHDOG_ALERT', 1); + +/** + * Log message severity -- Critical: critical conditions. + */ +define('WATCHDOG_CRITICAL', 2); + +/** + * Log message severity -- Error: error conditions. + */ +define('WATCHDOG_ERROR', 3); + +/** + * Log message severity -- Warning: warning conditions. + */ +define('WATCHDOG_WARNING', 4); + +/** + * Log message severity -- Notice: normal but significant condition. + */ +define('WATCHDOG_NOTICE', 5); + +/** + * Log message severity -- Informational: informational messages. + */ +define('WATCHDOG_INFO', 6); + +/** + * Log message severity -- Debug: debug-level messages. + */ +define('WATCHDOG_DEBUG', 7); + +/** + * @} End of "defgroup logging_severity_levels". + */ + +/** + * First bootstrap phase: initialize configuration. + */ +define('DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_CONFIGURATION', 0); + +/** + * Second bootstrap phase: try to serve a cached page. + */ +define('DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_PAGE_CACHE', 1); + +/** + * Third bootstrap phase: initialize database layer. + */ +define('DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_DATABASE', 2); + +/** + * Fourth bootstrap phase: initialize the variable system. + */ +define('DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_VARIABLES', 3); + +/** + * Fifth bootstrap phase: initialize session handling. + */ +define('DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_SESSION', 4); + +/** + * Sixth bootstrap phase: set up the page header. + */ +define('DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_PAGE_HEADER', 5); + +/** + * Seventh bootstrap phase: find out language of the page. + */ +define('DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_LANGUAGE', 6); + +/** + * Final bootstrap phase: Drupal is fully loaded; validate and fix + * input data. + */ +define('DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_FULL', 7); + +/** + * Role ID for anonymous users; should match what's in the "role" table. + */ +define('DRUPAL_ANONYMOUS_RID', 1); + +/** + * Role ID for authenticated users; should match what's in the "role" table. + */ +define('DRUPAL_AUTHENTICATED_RID', 2); + +/** + * The number of bytes in a kilobyte. For more information, visit + * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilobyte. + */ +define('DRUPAL_KILOBYTE', 1024); + +/** + * System language (only applicable to UI). + * + * Refers to the language used in Drupal and module/theme source code. + */ +define('LANGUAGE_SYSTEM', 'system'); + +/** + * The language code used when no language is explicitly assigned. + * + * Defined by ISO639-2 for "Undetermined". + */ +define('LANGUAGE_NONE', 'und'); + +/** + * The type of language used to define the content language. + */ +define('LANGUAGE_TYPE_CONTENT', 'language_content'); + +/** + * The type of language used to select the user interface. + */ +define('LANGUAGE_TYPE_INTERFACE', 'language'); + +/** + * The type of language used for URLs. + */ +define('LANGUAGE_TYPE_URL', 'language_url'); + +/** + * Language written left to right. Possible value of $language->direction. + */ +define('LANGUAGE_LTR', 0); + +/** + * Language written right to left. Possible value of $language->direction. + */ +define('LANGUAGE_RTL', 1); + +/** + * For convenience, define a short form of the request time global. + * + * REQUEST_TIME is a float with microseconds since PHP 5.4.0, but float + * timestamps confuses most of the PHP functions (including date_create()). + */ +define('REQUEST_TIME', (int) $_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME']); + +/** + * Flag for drupal_set_title(); text is not sanitized, so run check_plain(). + */ +define('CHECK_PLAIN', 0); + +/** + * Flag for drupal_set_title(); text has already been sanitized. + */ +define('PASS_THROUGH', -1); + +/** + * Signals that the registry lookup cache should be reset. + */ +define('REGISTRY_RESET_LOOKUP_CACHE', 1); + +/** + * Signals that the registry lookup cache should be written to storage. + */ +define('REGISTRY_WRITE_LOOKUP_CACHE', 2); + +/** + * Regular expression to match PHP function names. + * + * @see http://php.net/manual/en/language.functions.php + */ +define('DRUPAL_PHP_FUNCTION_PATTERN', '[a-zA-Z_\x7f-\xff][a-zA-Z0-9_\x7f-\xff]*'); + +/** + * Provides a caching wrapper to be used in place of large array structures. + * + * This class should be extended by systems that need to cache large amounts + * of data and have it represented as an array to calling functions. These + * arrays can become very large, so ArrayAccess is used to allow different + * strategies to be used for caching internally (lazy loading, building caches + * over time etc.). This can dramatically reduce the amount of data that needs + * to be loaded from cache backends on each request, and memory usage from + * static caches of that same data. + * + * Note that array_* functions do not work with ArrayAccess. Systems using + * DrupalCacheArray should use this only internally. If providing API functions + * that return the full array, this can be cached separately or returned + * directly. However since DrupalCacheArray holds partial content by design, it + * should be a normal PHP array or otherwise contain the full structure. + * + * Note also that due to limitations in PHP prior to 5.3.4, it is impossible to + * write directly to the contents of nested arrays contained in this object. + * Only writes to the top-level array elements are possible. So if you + * previously had set $object['foo'] = array(1, 2, 'bar' => 'baz'), but later + * want to change the value of 'bar' from 'baz' to 'foobar', you cannot do so + * a targeted write like $object['foo']['bar'] = 'foobar'. Instead, you must + * overwrite the entire top-level 'foo' array with the entire set of new + * values: $object['foo'] = array(1, 2, 'bar' => 'foobar'). Due to this same + * limitation, attempts to create references to any contained data, nested or + * otherwise, will fail silently. So $var = &$object['foo'] will not throw an + * error, and $var will be populated with the contents of $object['foo'], but + * that data will be passed by value, not reference. For more information on + * the PHP limitation, see the note in the official PHP documentation at· + * http://php.net/manual/en/arrayaccess.offsetget.php on + * ArrayAccess::offsetGet(). + * + * By default, the class accounts for caches where calling functions might + * request keys in the array that won't exist even after a cache rebuild. This + * prevents situations where a cache rebuild would be triggered over and over + * due to a 'missing' item. These cases are stored internally as a value of + * NULL. This means that the offsetGet() and offsetExists() methods + * must be overridden if caching an array where the top level values can + * legitimately be NULL, and where $object->offsetExists() needs to correctly + * return (equivalent to array_key_exists() vs. isset()). This should not + * be necessary in the majority of cases. + * + * Classes extending this class must override at least the + * resolveCacheMiss() method to have a working implementation. + * + * offsetSet() is not overridden by this class by default. In practice this + * means that assigning an offset via arrayAccess will only apply while the + * object is in scope and will not be written back to the persistent cache. + * This follows a similar pattern to static vs. persistent caching in + * procedural code. Extending classes may wish to alter this behaviour, for + * example by overriding offsetSet() and adding an automatic call to persist(). + * + * @see SchemaCache + */ +abstract class DrupalCacheArray implements ArrayAccess { + + /** + * A cid to pass to cache()->set() and cache()->get(). + */ + private $cid; + + /** + * A bin to pass to cache()->set() and cache()->get(). + */ + private $bin; + + /** + * An array of keys to add to the cache at the end of the request. + */ + protected $keysToPersist = array(); + + /** + * Storage for the data itself. + */ + protected $storage = array(); + + /** + * Constructor. + * + * @param $cid + * The cid for the array being cached. + * @param $bin + * The bin to cache the array. + */ + public function __construct($cid, $bin) { + $this->cid = $cid; + $this->bin = $bin; + + if ($cached = cache($bin)->get($this->cid)) { + $this->storage = $cached->data; + } + } + + public function offsetExists($offset) { + return $this->offsetGet($offset) !== NULL; + } + + public function offsetGet($offset) { + if (isset($this->storage[$offset]) || array_key_exists($offset, $this->storage)) { + return $this->storage[$offset]; + } + else { + return $this->resolveCacheMiss($offset); + } + } + + public function offsetSet($offset, $value) { + $this->storage[$offset] = $value; + } + + public function offsetUnset($offset) { + unset($this->storage[$offset]); + } + + /** + * Flags an offset value to be written to the persistent cache. + * + * If a value is assigned to a cache object with offsetSet(), by default it + * will not be written to the persistent cache unless it is flagged with this + * method. This allows items to be cached for the duration of a request, + * without necessarily writing back to the persistent cache at the end. + * + * @param $offset + * The array offset that was request. + * @param $persist + * Optional boolean to specify whether the offset should be persisted or + * not, defaults to TRUE. When called with $persist = FALSE the offset will + * be unflagged so that it will not written at the end of the request. + */ + protected function persist($offset, $persist = TRUE) { + $this->keysToPersist[$offset] = $persist; + } + + /** + * Resolves a cache miss. + * + * When an offset is not found in the object, this is treated as a cache + * miss. This method allows classes implementing the interface to look up + * the actual value and allow it to be cached. + * + * @param $offset + * The offset that was requested. + * + * @return + * The value of the offset, or NULL if no value was found. + */ + abstract protected function resolveCacheMiss($offset); + + /** + * Immediately write a value to the persistent cache. + * + * @param $cid + * The cache ID. + * @param $bin + * The cache bin. + * @param $data + * The data to write to the persistent cache. + * @param $lock + * Whether to acquire a lock before writing to cache. + */ + protected function set($cid, $data, $bin, $lock = TRUE) { + // Lock cache writes to help avoid stampedes. + // To implement locking for cache misses, override __construct(). + $lock_name = $cid . ':' . $bin; + if (!$lock || lock_acquire($lock_name)) { + if ($cached = cache($bin)->get($cid)) { + $data = $cached->data + $data; + } + cache($bin)->set($cid, $data); + if ($lock) { + lock_release($lock_name); + } + } + } + + public function __destruct() { + $data = array(); + foreach ($this->keysToPersist as $offset => $persist) { + if ($persist) { + $data[$offset] = $this->storage[$offset]; + } + } + if (!empty($data)) { + $this->set($this->cid, $data, $this->bin); + } + } +} + +/** + * Start the timer with the specified name. If you start and stop the same + * timer multiple times, the measured intervals will be accumulated. + * + * @param $name + * The name of the timer. + */ +function timer_start($name) { + global $timers; + + $timers[$name]['start'] = microtime(TRUE); + $timers[$name]['count'] = isset($timers[$name]['count']) ? ++$timers[$name]['count'] : 1; +} + +/** + * Read the current timer value without stopping the timer. + * + * @param $name + * The name of the timer. + * + * @return + * The current timer value in ms. + */ +function timer_read($name) { + global $timers; + + if (isset($timers[$name]['start'])) { + $stop = microtime(TRUE); + $diff = round(($stop - $timers[$name]['start']) * 1000, 2); + + if (isset($timers[$name]['time'])) { + $diff += $timers[$name]['time']; + } + return $diff; + } + return $timers[$name]['time']; +} + +/** + * Stop the timer with the specified name. + * + * @param $name + * The name of the timer. + * + * @return + * A timer array. The array contains the number of times the timer has been + * started and stopped (count) and the accumulated timer value in ms (time). + */ +function timer_stop($name) { + global $timers; + + if (isset($timers[$name]['start'])) { + $stop = microtime(TRUE); + $diff = round(($stop - $timers[$name]['start']) * 1000, 2); + if (isset($timers[$name]['time'])) { + $timers[$name]['time'] += $diff; + } + else { + $timers[$name]['time'] = $diff; + } + unset($timers[$name]['start']); + } + + return $timers[$name]; +} + +/** + * Finds the appropriate configuration directory. + * + * Finds a matching configuration directory by stripping the website's + * hostname from left to right and pathname from right to left. The first + * configuration file found will be used and the remaining ones will be ignored. + * If no configuration file is found, return a default value '$confdir/default'. + * + * With a site located at http://www.example.com:8080/mysite/test/, the file, + * settings.php, is searched for in the following directories: + * + * - $confdir/8080.www.example.com.mysite.test + * - $confdir/www.example.com.mysite.test + * - $confdir/example.com.mysite.test + * - $confdir/com.mysite.test + * + * - $confdir/8080.www.example.com.mysite + * - $confdir/www.example.com.mysite + * - $confdir/example.com.mysite + * - $confdir/com.mysite + * + * - $confdir/8080.www.example.com + * - $confdir/www.example.com + * - $confdir/example.com + * - $confdir/com + * + * - $confdir/default + * + * If a file named sites.php is present in the $confdir, it will be loaded + * prior to scanning for directories. It should define an associative array + * named $sites, which maps domains to directories. It should be in the form + * of: + * @code + * $sites = array( + * 'The url to alias' => 'A directory within the sites directory' + * ); + * @endcode + * For example: + * @code + * $sites = array( + * 'devexample.com' => 'example.com', + * 'localhost.example' => 'example.com', + * ); + * @endcode + * The above array will cause Drupal to look for a directory named + * "example.com" in the sites directory whenever a request comes from + * "example.com", "devexample.com", or "localhost/example". That is useful + * on development servers, where the domain name may not be the same as the + * domain of the live server. Since Drupal stores file paths into the database + * (files, system table, etc.) this will ensure the paths are correct while + * accessed on development servers. + * + * @param bool $require_settings + * Only configuration directories with an existing settings.php file + * will be recognized. Defaults to TRUE. During initial installation, + * this is set to FALSE so that Drupal can detect a matching directory, + * then create a new settings.php file in it. + * @param bool $reset + * Force a full search for matching directories even if one had been + * found previously. Defaults to FALSE. + * + * @return + * The path of the matching directory. + */ +function conf_path($require_settings = TRUE, $reset = FALSE) { + $conf = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, ''); + + if ($conf && !$reset) { + return $conf; + } + + $script_name = $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']; + if (!$script_name) { + $script_name = $_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']; + } + $http_host = $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']; + $conf = find_conf_path($http_host, $script_name, $require_settings); + return $conf; +} + +/** + * Finds the appropriate configuration directory for a given host and path. + * + * @param $http_host + * The hostname and optional port number, e.g. "www.example.com" or + * "www.example.com:8080". + * @param $script_name + * The part of the url following the hostname, including the leading slash. + * + * @return + * The path of the matching configuration directory. + * + * @see conf_path() + */ +function find_conf_path($http_host, $script_name, $require_settings = TRUE) { + $confdir = 'sites'; + + $sites = array(); + if (file_exists(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $confdir . '/sites.php')) { + // This will overwrite $sites with the desired mappings. + include(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $confdir . '/sites.php'); + } + + $uri = explode('/', $script_name); + $server = explode('.', implode('.', array_reverse(explode(':', rtrim($http_host, '.'))))); + for ($i = count($uri) - 1; $i > 0; $i--) { + for ($j = count($server); $j > 0; $j--) { + $dir = implode('.', array_slice($server, -$j)) . implode('.', array_slice($uri, 0, $i)); + if (isset($sites[$dir]) && file_exists(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $confdir . '/' . $sites[$dir])) { + $dir = $sites[$dir]; + } + if (file_exists(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $confdir . '/' . $dir . '/settings.php') || (!$require_settings && file_exists(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $confdir . '/' . $dir))) { + $conf = "$confdir/$dir"; + return $conf; + } + } + } + $conf = "$confdir/default"; + return $conf; +} + +/** + * Set appropriate server variables needed for command line scripts to work. + * + * This function can be called by command line scripts before bootstrapping + * Drupal, to ensure that the page loads with the desired server parameters. + * This is because many parts of Drupal assume that they are running in a web + * browser and therefore use information from the global PHP $_SERVER variable + * that does not get set when Drupal is run from the command line. + * + * In many cases, the default way in which this function populates the $_SERVER + * variable is sufficient, and it can therefore be called without passing in + * any input. However, command line scripts running on a multisite installation + * (or on any installation that has settings.php stored somewhere other than + * the sites/default folder) need to pass in the URL of the site to allow + * Drupal to detect the correct location of the settings.php file. Passing in + * the 'url' parameter is also required for functions like request_uri() to + * return the expected values. + * + * Most other parameters do not need to be passed in, but may be necessary in + * some cases; for example, if Drupal's ip_address() function needs to return + * anything but the standard localhost value ('127.0.0.1'), the command line + * script should pass in the desired value via the 'REMOTE_ADDR' key. + * + * @param $variables + * (optional) An associative array of variables within $_SERVER that should + * be replaced. If the special element 'url' is provided in this array, it + * will be used to populate some of the server defaults; it should be set to + * the URL of the current page request, excluding any $_GET request but + * including the script name (e.g., http://www.example.com/mysite/index.php). + * + * @see conf_path() + * @see request_uri() + * @see ip_address() + */ +function drupal_override_server_variables($variables = array()) { + // Allow the provided URL to override any existing values in $_SERVER. + if (isset($variables['url'])) { + $url = parse_url($variables['url']); + if (isset($url['host'])) { + $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] = $url['host']; + } + if (isset($url['path'])) { + $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] = $url['path']; + } + unset($variables['url']); + } + // Define default values for $_SERVER keys. These will be used if $_SERVER + // does not already define them and no other values are passed in to this + // function. + $defaults = array( + 'HTTP_HOST' => 'localhost', + 'SCRIPT_NAME' => NULL, + 'REMOTE_ADDR' => '127.0.0.1', + 'REQUEST_METHOD' => 'GET', + 'SERVER_NAME' => NULL, + 'SERVER_SOFTWARE' => NULL, + 'HTTP_USER_AGENT' => NULL, + ); + // Replace elements of the $_SERVER array, as appropriate. + $_SERVER = $variables + $_SERVER + $defaults; +} + +/** + * Initialize PHP environment. + */ +function drupal_environment_initialize() { + if (!isset($_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'])) { + $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'] = ''; + } + if (!isset($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL']) || ($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] != 'HTTP/1.0' && $_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] != 'HTTP/1.1')) { + $_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] = 'HTTP/1.0'; + } + + if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'])) { + // As HTTP_HOST is user input, ensure it only contains characters allowed + // in hostnames. See RFC 952 (and RFC 2181). + // $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] is lowercased here per specifications. + $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] = strtolower($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']); + if (!drupal_valid_http_host($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'])) { + // HTTP_HOST is invalid, e.g. if containing slashes it may be an attack. + header($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] . ' 400 Bad Request'); + exit; + } + } + else { + // Some pre-HTTP/1.1 clients will not send a Host header. Ensure the key is + // defined for E_ALL compliance. + $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] = ''; + } + + // When clean URLs are enabled, emulate ?q=foo/bar using REQUEST_URI. It is + // not possible to append the query string using mod_rewrite without the B + // flag (this was added in Apache 2.2.8), because mod_rewrite unescapes the + // path before passing it on to PHP. This is a problem when the path contains + // e.g. "&" or "%" that have special meanings in URLs and must be encoded. + $_GET['q'] = request_path(); + + // Enforce E_STRICT, but allow users to set levels not part of E_STRICT. + error_reporting(E_STRICT | E_ALL | error_reporting()); + + // Override PHP settings required for Drupal to work properly. + // sites/default/default.settings.php contains more runtime settings. + // The .htaccess file contains settings that cannot be changed at runtime. + + // Don't escape quotes when reading files from the database, disk, etc. + ini_set('magic_quotes_runtime', '0'); + // Use session cookies, not transparent sessions that puts the session id in + // the query string. + ini_set('session.use_cookies', '1'); + ini_set('session.use_only_cookies', '1'); + ini_set('session.use_trans_sid', '0'); + // Don't send HTTP headers using PHP's session handler. + ini_set('session.cache_limiter', 'none'); + // Use httponly session cookies. + ini_set('session.cookie_httponly', '1'); + + // Set sane locale settings, to ensure consistent string, dates, times and + // numbers handling. + setlocale(LC_ALL, 'C'); +} + +/** + * Validate that a hostname (for example $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']) is safe. + * + * @return + * TRUE if only containing valid characters, or FALSE otherwise. + */ +function drupal_valid_http_host($host) { + return preg_match('/^\[?(?:[a-zA-Z0-9-:\]_]+\.?)+$/', $host); +} + +/** + * Loads the configuration and sets the base URL, cookie domain, and + * session name correctly. + */ +function drupal_settings_initialize() { + global $base_url, $base_path, $base_root; + + // Export the following settings.php variables to the global namespace + global $databases, $cookie_domain, $conf, $installed_profile, $update_free_access, $db_url, $db_prefix, $drupal_hash_salt, $is_https, $base_secure_url, $base_insecure_url; + $conf = array(); + + if (file_exists(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . conf_path() . '/settings.php')) { + include_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . conf_path() . '/settings.php'; + } + $is_https = isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && strtolower($_SERVER['HTTPS']) == 'on'; + + if (isset($base_url)) { + // Parse fixed base URL from settings.php. + $parts = parse_url($base_url); + $http_protocol = $parts['scheme']; + if (!isset($parts['path'])) { + $parts['path'] = ''; + } + $base_path = $parts['path'] . '/'; + // Build $base_root (everything until first slash after "scheme://"). + $base_root = substr($base_url, 0, strlen($base_url) - strlen($parts['path'])); + } + else { + // Create base URL + $http_protocol = $is_https ? 'https' : 'http'; + $base_root = $http_protocol . '://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']; + + $base_url = $base_root; + + // $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] can, in contrast to $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'], not + // be modified by a visitor. + if ($dir = rtrim(dirname($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']), '\/')) { + $base_path = $dir; + $base_url .= $base_path; + $base_path .= '/'; + } + else { + $base_path = '/'; + } + } + $base_secure_url = str_replace('http://', 'https://', $base_url); + $base_insecure_url = str_replace('https://', 'http://', $base_url); + + if ($cookie_domain) { + // If the user specifies the cookie domain, also use it for session name. + $session_name = $cookie_domain; + } + else { + // Otherwise use $base_url as session name, without the protocol + // to use the same session identifiers across http and https. + list( , $session_name) = explode('://', $base_url, 2); + // HTTP_HOST can be modified by a visitor, but we already sanitized it + // in drupal_settings_initialize(). + if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'])) { + $cookie_domain = $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']; + // Strip leading periods, www., and port numbers from cookie domain. + $cookie_domain = ltrim($cookie_domain, '.'); + if (strpos($cookie_domain, 'www.') === 0) { + $cookie_domain = substr($cookie_domain, 4); + } + $cookie_domain = explode(':', $cookie_domain); + $cookie_domain = '.' . $cookie_domain[0]; + } + } + // Per RFC 2109, cookie domains must contain at least one dot other than the + // first. For hosts such as 'localhost' or IP Addresses we don't set a cookie domain. + if (count(explode('.', $cookie_domain)) > 2 && !is_numeric(str_replace('.', '', $cookie_domain))) { + ini_set('session.cookie_domain', $cookie_domain); + } + // To prevent session cookies from being hijacked, a user can configure the + // SSL version of their website to only transfer session cookies via SSL by + // using PHP's session.cookie_secure setting. The browser will then use two + // separate session cookies for the HTTPS and HTTP versions of the site. So we + // must use different session identifiers for HTTPS and HTTP to prevent a + // cookie collision. + if ($is_https) { + ini_set('session.cookie_secure', TRUE); + } + $prefix = ini_get('session.cookie_secure') ? 'SSESS' : 'SESS'; + session_name($prefix . substr(hash('sha256', $session_name), 0, 32)); +} + +/** + * Returns and optionally sets the filename for a system item (module, + * theme, etc.). The filename, whether provided, cached, or retrieved + * from the database, is only returned if the file exists. + * + * This function plays a key role in allowing Drupal's resources (modules + * and themes) to be located in different places depending on a site's + * configuration. For example, a module 'foo' may legally be be located + * in any of these three places: + * + * modules/foo/foo.module + * sites/all/modules/foo/foo.module + * sites/example.com/modules/foo/foo.module + * + * Calling drupal_get_filename('module', 'foo') will give you one of + * the above, depending on where the module is located. + * + * @param $type + * The type of the item (i.e. theme, theme_engine, module, profile). + * @param $name + * The name of the item for which the filename is requested. + * @param $filename + * The filename of the item if it is to be set explicitly rather + * than by consulting the database. + * + * @return + * The filename of the requested item. + */ +function drupal_get_filename($type, $name, $filename = NULL) { + // The location of files will not change during the request, so do not use + // drupal_static(). + static $files = array(), $dirs = array(); + + if (!isset($files[$type])) { + $files[$type] = array(); + } + + if (!empty($filename) && file_exists($filename)) { + $files[$type][$name] = $filename; + } + elseif (isset($files[$type][$name])) { + // nothing + } + // Verify that we have an active database connection, before querying + // the database. This is required because this function is called both + // before we have a database connection (i.e. during installation) and + // when a database connection fails. + else { + try { + if (function_exists('db_query')) { + $file = db_query("SELECT filename FROM {system} WHERE name = :name AND type = :type", array(':name' => $name, ':type' => $type))->fetchField(); + if (file_exists(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $file)) { + $files[$type][$name] = $file; + } + } + } + catch (Exception $e) { + // The database table may not exist because Drupal is not yet installed, + // or the database might be down. We have a fallback for this case so we + // hide the error completely. + } + // Fallback to searching the filesystem if the database could not find the + // file or the file returned by the database is not found. + if (!isset($files[$type][$name])) { + // We have a consistent directory naming: modules, themes... + $dir = $type . 's'; + if ($type == 'theme_engine') { + $dir = 'themes/engines'; + $extension = 'engine'; + } + elseif ($type == 'theme') { + $extension = 'info'; + } + else { + $extension = $type; + } + + if (!isset($dirs[$dir][$extension])) { + $dirs[$dir][$extension] = TRUE; + if (!function_exists('drupal_system_listing')) { + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/common.inc'; + } + // Scan the appropriate directories for all files with the requested + // extension, not just the file we are currently looking for. This + // prevents unnecessary scans from being repeated when this function is + // called more than once in the same page request. + $matches = drupal_system_listing("/^" . DRUPAL_PHP_FUNCTION_PATTERN . "\.$extension$/", $dir, 'name', 0); + foreach ($matches as $matched_name => $file) { + $files[$type][$matched_name] = $file->uri; + } + } + } + } + + if (isset($files[$type][$name])) { + return $files[$type][$name]; + } +} + +/** + * Load the persistent variable table. + * + * The variable table is composed of values that have been saved in the table + * with variable_set() as well as those explicitly specified in the configuration + * file. + */ +function variable_initialize($conf = array()) { + // NOTE: caching the variables improves performance by 20% when serving + // cached pages. + if ($cached = cache('bootstrap')->get('variables')) { + $variables = $cached->data; + } + else { + // Cache miss. Avoid a stampede. + $name = 'variable_init'; + if (!lock_acquire($name, 1)) { + // Another request is building the variable cache. + // Wait, then re-run this function. + lock_wait($name); + return variable_initialize($conf); + } + else { + // Proceed with variable rebuild. + $variables = array_map('unserialize', db_query('SELECT name, value FROM {variable}')->fetchAllKeyed()); + cache('bootstrap')->set('variables', $variables); + lock_release($name); + } + } + + foreach ($conf as $name => $value) { + $variables[$name] = $value; + } + + return $variables; +} + +/** + * Returns a persistent variable. + * + * Case-sensitivity of the variable_* functions depends on the database + * collation used. To avoid problems, always use lower case for persistent + * variable names. + * + * @param $name + * The name of the variable to return. + * @param $default + * The default value to use if this variable has never been set. + * + * @return + * The value of the variable. + * + * @see variable_del() + * @see variable_set() + */ +function variable_get($name, $default = NULL) { + global $conf; + + return isset($conf[$name]) ? $conf[$name] : $default; +} + +/** + * Sets a persistent variable. + * + * Case-sensitivity of the variable_* functions depends on the database + * collation used. To avoid problems, always use lower case for persistent + * variable names. + * + * @param $name + * The name of the variable to set. + * @param $value + * The value to set. This can be any PHP data type; these functions take care + * of serialization as necessary. + * + * @see variable_del() + * @see variable_get() + */ +function variable_set($name, $value) { + global $conf; + + db_merge('variable')->key(array('name' => $name))->fields(array('value' => serialize($value)))->execute(); + + cache('bootstrap')->delete('variables'); + + $conf[$name] = $value; +} + +/** + * Unsets a persistent variable. + * + * Case-sensitivity of the variable_* functions depends on the database + * collation used. To avoid problems, always use lower case for persistent + * variable names. + * + * @param $name + * The name of the variable to undefine. + * + * @see variable_get() + * @see variable_set() + */ +function variable_del($name) { + global $conf; + + db_delete('variable') + ->condition('name', $name) + ->execute(); + cache('bootstrap')->delete('variables'); + + unset($conf[$name]); +} + +/** + * Retrieve the current page from the cache. + * + * Note: we do not serve cached pages to authenticated users, or to anonymous + * users when $_SESSION is non-empty. $_SESSION may contain status messages + * from a form submission, the contents of a shopping cart, or other user- + * specific content that should not be cached and displayed to other users. + * + * @param $check_only + * (optional) Set to TRUE to only return whether a previous call found a + * cache entry. + * + * @return + * The cache object, if the page was found in the cache, NULL otherwise. + */ +function drupal_page_get_cache($check_only = FALSE) { + global $base_root; + static $cache_hit = FALSE; + + if ($check_only) { + return $cache_hit; + } + + if (drupal_page_is_cacheable()) { + $cache = cache('page')->get($base_root . request_uri()); + if ($cache !== FALSE) { + $cache_hit = TRUE; + } + return $cache; + } +} + +/** + * Determine the cacheability of the current page. + * + * @param $allow_caching + * Set to FALSE if you want to prevent this page to get cached. + * + * @return + * TRUE if the current page can be cached, FALSE otherwise. + */ +function drupal_page_is_cacheable($allow_caching = NULL) { + $allow_caching_static = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, TRUE); + if (isset($allow_caching)) { + $allow_caching_static = $allow_caching; + } + + return $allow_caching_static && ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'GET' || $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'HEAD') + && !drupal_is_cli(); +} + +/** + * Invoke a bootstrap hook in all bootstrap modules that implement it. + * + * @param $hook + * The name of the bootstrap hook to invoke. + * + * @see bootstrap_hooks() + */ +function bootstrap_invoke_all($hook) { + // Bootstrap modules should have been loaded when this function is called, so + // we don't need to tell module_list() to reset its internal list (and we + // therefore leave the first parameter at its default value of FALSE). We + // still pass in TRUE for the second parameter, though; in case this is the + // first time during the bootstrap that module_list() is called, we want to + // make sure that its internal cache is primed with the bootstrap modules + // only. + foreach (module_list(FALSE, TRUE) as $module) { + drupal_load('module', $module); + module_invoke($module, $hook); + } +} + +/** + * Includes a file with the provided type and name. This prevents + * including a theme, engine, module, etc., more than once. + * + * @param $type + * The type of item to load (i.e. theme, theme_engine, module). + * @param $name + * The name of the item to load. + * + * @return + * TRUE if the item is loaded or has already been loaded. + */ +function drupal_load($type, $name) { + // Once a file is included this can't be reversed during a request so do not + // use drupal_static() here. + static $files = array(); + + if (isset($files[$type][$name])) { + return TRUE; + } + + $filename = drupal_get_filename($type, $name); + + if ($filename) { + include_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $filename; + $files[$type][$name] = TRUE; + + return TRUE; + } + + return FALSE; +} + +/** + * Set an HTTP response header for the current page. + * + * Note: When sending a Content-Type header, always include a 'charset' type, + * too. This is necessary to avoid security bugs (e.g. UTF-7 XSS). + * + * @param $name + * The HTTP header name, or the special 'Status' header name. + * @param $value + * The HTTP header value; if equal to FALSE, the specified header is unset. + * If $name is 'Status', this is expected to be a status code followed by a + * reason phrase, e.g. "404 Not Found". + * @param $append + * Whether to append the value to an existing header or to replace it. + */ +function drupal_add_http_header($name, $value, $append = FALSE) { + // The headers as name/value pairs. + $headers = &drupal_static('drupal_http_headers', array()); + + $name_lower = strtolower($name); + _drupal_set_preferred_header_name($name); + + if ($value === FALSE) { + $headers[$name_lower] = FALSE; + } + elseif (isset($headers[$name_lower]) && $append) { + // Multiple headers with identical names may be combined using comma (RFC + // 2616, section 4.2). + $headers[$name_lower] .= ',' . $value; + } + else { + $headers[$name_lower] = $value; + } + drupal_send_headers(array($name => $headers[$name_lower]), TRUE); +} + +/** + * Get the HTTP response headers for the current page. + * + * @param $name + * An HTTP header name. If omitted, all headers are returned as name/value + * pairs. If an array value is FALSE, the header has been unset. + * @return + * A string containing the header value, or FALSE if the header has been set, + * or NULL if the header has not been set. + */ +function drupal_get_http_header($name = NULL) { + $headers = &drupal_static('drupal_http_headers', array()); + if (isset($name)) { + $name = strtolower($name); + return isset($headers[$name]) ? $headers[$name] : NULL; + } + else { + return $headers; + } +} + +/** + * Header names are case-insensitive, but for maximum compatibility they should + * follow "common form" (see RFC 2617, section 4.2). + */ +function _drupal_set_preferred_header_name($name = NULL) { + static $header_names = array(); + + if (!isset($name)) { + return $header_names; + } + $header_names[strtolower($name)] = $name; +} + +/** + * Send the HTTP response headers previously set using drupal_add_http_header(). + * Add default headers, unless they have been replaced or unset using + * drupal_add_http_header(). + * + * @param $default_headers + * An array of headers as name/value pairs. + * @param $single + * If TRUE and headers have already be sent, send only the specified header. + */ +function drupal_send_headers($default_headers = array(), $only_default = FALSE) { + $headers_sent = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, FALSE); + $headers = drupal_get_http_header(); + if ($only_default && $headers_sent) { + $headers = array(); + } + $headers_sent = TRUE; + + $header_names = _drupal_set_preferred_header_name(); + foreach ($default_headers as $name => $value) { + $name_lower = strtolower($name); + if (!isset($headers[$name_lower])) { + $headers[$name_lower] = $value; + $header_names[$name_lower] = $name; + } + } + foreach ($headers as $name_lower => $value) { + if ($name_lower == 'status') { + header($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] . ' ' . $value); + } + // Skip headers that have been unset. + elseif ($value) { + header($header_names[$name_lower] . ': ' . $value); + } + } +} + +/** + * Set HTTP headers in preparation for a page response. + * + * Authenticated users are always given a 'no-cache' header, and will fetch a + * fresh page on every request. This prevents authenticated users from seeing + * locally cached pages. + * + * Also give each page a unique ETag. This will force clients to include both + * an If-Modified-Since header and an If-None-Match header when doing + * conditional requests for the page (required by RFC 2616, section 13.3.4), + * making the validation more robust. This is a workaround for a bug in Mozilla + * Firefox that is triggered when Drupal's caching is enabled and the user + * accesses Drupal via an HTTP proxy (see + * https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=269303): When an authenticated + * user requests a page, and then logs out and requests the same page again, + * Firefox may send a conditional request based on the page that was cached + * locally when the user was logged in. If this page did not have an ETag + * header, the request only contains an If-Modified-Since header. The date will + * be recent, because with authenticated users the Last-Modified header always + * refers to the time of the request. If the user accesses Drupal via a proxy + * server, and the proxy already has a cached copy of the anonymous page with an + * older Last-Modified date, the proxy may respond with 304 Not Modified, making + * the client think that the anonymous and authenticated pageviews are + * identical. + * + * @see drupal_page_set_cache() + */ +function drupal_page_header() { + $headers_sent = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, FALSE); + if ($headers_sent) { + return TRUE; + } + $headers_sent = TRUE; + + $default_headers = array( + 'Expires' => 'Sun, 19 Nov 1978 05:00:00 GMT', + 'Last-Modified' => gmdate(DATE_RFC1123, REQUEST_TIME), + 'Cache-Control' => 'no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0', + 'ETag' => '"' . REQUEST_TIME . '"', + ); + drupal_send_headers($default_headers); +} + +/** + * Set HTTP headers in preparation for a cached page response. + * + * The headers allow as much as possible in proxies and browsers without any + * particular knowledge about the pages. Modules can override these headers + * using drupal_add_http_header(). + * + * If the request is conditional (using If-Modified-Since and If-None-Match), + * and the conditions match those currently in the cache, a 304 Not Modified + * response is sent. + */ +function drupal_serve_page_from_cache(stdClass $cache) { + // Negotiate whether to use compression. + $page_compression = variable_get('page_compression', TRUE) && extension_loaded('zlib'); + $return_compressed = $page_compression && isset($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING']) && strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING'], 'gzip') !== FALSE; + + // Get headers set in hook_boot(). Keys are lower-case. + $hook_boot_headers = drupal_get_http_header(); + + // Headers generated in this function, that may be replaced or unset using + // drupal_add_http_headers(). Keys are mixed-case. + $default_headers = array(); + + foreach ($cache->data['headers'] as $name => $value) { + // In the case of a 304 response, certain headers must be sent, and the + // remaining may not (see RFC 2616, section 10.3.5). Do not override + // headers set in hook_boot(). + $name_lower = strtolower($name); + if (in_array($name_lower, array('content-location', 'expires', 'cache-control', 'vary')) && !isset($hook_boot_headers[$name_lower])) { + drupal_add_http_header($name, $value); + unset($cache->data['headers'][$name]); + } + } + + // If the client sent a session cookie, a cached copy will only be served + // to that one particular client due to Vary: Cookie. Thus, do not set + // max-age > 0, allowing the page to be cached by external proxies, when a + // session cookie is present unless the Vary header has been replaced or + // unset in hook_boot(). + $max_age = !isset($_COOKIE[session_name()]) || isset($hook_boot_headers['vary']) ? variable_get('page_cache_maximum_age', 0) : 0; + $default_headers['Cache-Control'] = 'public, max-age=' . $max_age; + + // Entity tag should change if the output changes. + $etag = '"' . $cache->created . '-' . intval($return_compressed) . '"'; + header('Etag: ' . $etag); + + // See if the client has provided the required HTTP headers. + $if_modified_since = isset($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE']) ? strtotime($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE']) : FALSE; + $if_none_match = isset($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']) ? stripslashes($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']) : FALSE; + + if ($if_modified_since && $if_none_match + && $if_none_match == $etag // etag must match + && $if_modified_since == $cache->created) { // if-modified-since must match + header($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] . ' 304 Not Modified'); + drupal_send_headers($default_headers); + return; + } + + // Send the remaining headers. + foreach ($cache->data['headers'] as $name => $value) { + drupal_add_http_header($name, $value); + } + + $default_headers['Last-Modified'] = gmdate(DATE_RFC1123, $cache->created); + + // HTTP/1.0 proxies does not support the Vary header, so prevent any caching + // by sending an Expires date in the past. HTTP/1.1 clients ignores the + // Expires header if a Cache-Control: max-age= directive is specified (see RFC + // 2616, section 14.9.3). + $default_headers['Expires'] = 'Sun, 19 Nov 1978 05:00:00 GMT'; + + drupal_send_headers($default_headers); + + // Allow HTTP proxies to cache pages for anonymous users without a session + // cookie. The Vary header is used to indicates the set of request-header + // fields that fully determines whether a cache is permitted to use the + // response to reply to a subsequent request for a given URL without + // revalidation. If a Vary header has been set in hook_boot(), it is assumed + // that the module knows how to cache the page. + if (!isset($hook_boot_headers['vary']) && !variable_get('omit_vary_cookie')) { + header('Vary: Cookie'); + } + + if ($page_compression) { + header('Vary: Accept-Encoding', FALSE); + // If page_compression is enabled, the cache contains gzipped data. + if ($return_compressed) { + // $cache->data['body'] is already gzip'ed, so make sure + // zlib.output_compression does not compress it once more. + ini_set('zlib.output_compression', '0'); + header('Content-Encoding: gzip'); + } + else { + // The client does not support compression, so unzip the data in the + // cache. Strip the gzip header and run uncompress. + $cache->data['body'] = gzinflate(substr(substr($cache->data['body'], 10), 0, -8)); + } + } + + // Print the page. + print $cache->data['body']; +} + +/** + * Define the critical hooks that force modules to always be loaded. + */ +function bootstrap_hooks() { + return array('boot', 'exit', 'watchdog', 'language_init'); +} + +/** + * Unserializes and appends elements from a serialized string. + * + * @param $obj + * The object to which the elements are appended. + * @param $field + * The attribute of $obj whose value should be unserialized. + */ +function drupal_unpack($obj, $field = 'data') { + if ($obj->$field && $data = unserialize($obj->$field)) { + foreach ($data as $key => $value) { + if (!empty($key) && !isset($obj->$key)) { + $obj->$key = $value; + } + } + } + return $obj; +} + +/** + * Translates a string to the current language or to a given language. + * + * The t() function serves two purposes. First, at run-time it translates + * user-visible text into the appropriate language. Second, various mechanisms + * that figure out what text needs to be translated work off t() -- the text + * inside t() calls is added to the database of strings to be translated. + * These strings are expected to be in English, so the first argument should + * always be in English. To enable a fully-translatable site, it is important + * that all human-readable text that will be displayed on the site or sent to + * a user is passed through the t() function, or a related function. See the + * @link http://drupal.org/node/322729 Localization API @endlink pages for + * more information, including recommendations on how to break up or not + * break up strings for translation. + * + * You should never use t() to translate variables, such as calling + * @code t($text); @endcode, unless the text that the variable holds has been + * passed through t() elsewhere (e.g., $text is one of several translated + * literal strings in an array). It is especially important never to call + * @code t($user_text); @endcode, where $user_text is some text that a user + * entered - doing that can lead to cross-site scripting and other security + * problems. However, you can use variable substitution in your string, to put + * variable text such as user names or link URLs into translated text. Variable + * substitution looks like this: + * @code + * $text = t("@name's blog", array('@name' => format_username($account))); + * @endcode + * Basically, you can put variables like @name into your string, and t() will + * substitute their sanitized values at translation time (see $args below or + * the Localization API pages referenced above for details). Translators can + * then rearrange the string as necessary for the language (e.g., in Spanish, + * it might be "blog de @name"). + * + * During the Drupal installation phase, some resources used by t() wil not be + * available to code that needs localization. See st() and get_t() for + * alternatives. + * + * @param $string + * A string containing the English string to translate. + * @param $args + * An associative array of replacements to make after translation. + * See format_string(). + * @param $options + * An associative array of additional options, with the following elements: + * - 'langcode' (defaults to the current language): The language code to + * translate to a language other than what is used to display the page. + * - 'context' (defaults to the empty context): The context the source string + * belongs to. + * + * @return + * The translated string. + * + * @see st() + * @see get_t() + * @ingroup sanitization + */ +function t($string, array $args = array(), array $options = array()) { + global $language; + static $custom_strings; + + // Merge in default. + if (empty($options['langcode'])) { + $options['langcode'] = isset($language->language) ? $language->language : LANGUAGE_SYSTEM; + } + if (empty($options['context'])) { + $options['context'] = ''; + } + + // First, check for an array of customized strings. If present, use the array + // *instead of* database lookups. This is a high performance way to provide a + // handful of string replacements. See settings.php for examples. + // Cache the $custom_strings variable to improve performance. + if (!isset($custom_strings[$options['langcode']])) { + $custom_strings[$options['langcode']] = variable_get('locale_custom_strings_' . $options['langcode'], array()); + } + // Custom strings work for English too, even if locale module is disabled. + if (isset($custom_strings[$options['langcode']][$options['context']][$string])) { + $string = $custom_strings[$options['langcode']][$options['context']][$string]; + } + // Translate with locale module if enabled. + elseif ($options['langcode'] != LANGUAGE_SYSTEM && ($options['langcode'] != 'en' || variable_get('locale_translate_english', FALSE)) && function_exists('locale')) { + $string = locale($string, $options['context'], $options['langcode']); + } + if (empty($args)) { + return $string; + } + else { + return format_string($string, $args); + } +} + +/** + * Replace placeholders with sanitized values in a string. + * + * @param $string + * A string containing placeholders. + * @param $args + * An associative array of replacements to make. Occurrences in $string of + * any key in $args are replaced with the corresponding value, after + * sanitization. The sanitization function depends on the first character of + * the key: + * - !variable: Inserted as is. Use this for text that has already been + * sanitized. + * - @variable: Escaped to HTML using check_plain(). Use this for anything + * displayed on a page on the site. + * - %variable: Escaped as a placeholder for user-submitted content using + * drupal_placeholder(), which shows up as <em>emphasized</em> text. + * + * @see t() + * @ingroup sanitization + */ +function format_string($string, array $args = array()) { + // Transform arguments before inserting them. + foreach ($args as $key => $value) { + switch ($key[0]) { + case '@': + // Escaped only. + $args[$key] = check_plain($value); + break; + + case '%': + default: + // Escaped and placeholder. + $args[$key] = drupal_placeholder($value); + break; + + case '!': + // Pass-through. + } + } + return strtr($string, $args); +} + +/** + * Encode special characters in a plain-text string for display as HTML. + * + * Also validates strings as UTF-8 to prevent cross site scripting attacks on + * Internet Explorer 6. + * + * @param $text + * The text to be checked or processed. + * + * @return + * An HTML safe version of $text, or an empty string if $text is not + * valid UTF-8. + * + * @see drupal_validate_utf8() + * @ingroup sanitization + */ +function check_plain($text) { + return htmlspecialchars($text, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8'); +} + +/** + * Checks whether a string is valid UTF-8. + * + * All functions designed to filter input should use drupal_validate_utf8 + * to ensure they operate on valid UTF-8 strings to prevent bypass of the + * filter. + * + * When text containing an invalid UTF-8 lead byte (0xC0 - 0xFF) is presented + * as UTF-8 to Internet Explorer 6, the program may misinterpret subsequent + * bytes. When these subsequent bytes are HTML control characters such as + * quotes or angle brackets, parts of the text that were deemed safe by filters + * end up in locations that are potentially unsafe; An onerror attribute that + * is outside of a tag, and thus deemed safe by a filter, can be interpreted + * by the browser as if it were inside the tag. + * + * The function does not return FALSE for strings containing character codes + * above U+10FFFF, even though these are prohibited by RFC 3629. + * + * @param $text + * The text to check. + * @return + * TRUE if the text is valid UTF-8, FALSE if not. + */ +function drupal_validate_utf8($text) { + if (strlen($text) == 0) { + return TRUE; + } + // With the PCRE_UTF8 modifier 'u', preg_match() fails silently on strings + // containing invalid UTF-8 byte sequences. It does not reject character + // codes above U+10FFFF (represented by 4 or more octets), though. + return (preg_match('/^./us', $text) == 1); +} + +/** + * Returns the equivalent of Apache's $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] variable. + * + * Because $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] is only available on Apache, we generate an + * equivalent using other environment variables. + */ +function request_uri() { + if (isset($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) { + $uri = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']; + } + else { + if (isset($_SERVER['argv'])) { + $uri = $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] . '?' . $_SERVER['argv'][0]; + } + elseif (isset($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'])) { + $uri = $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] . '?' . $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']; + } + else { + $uri = $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']; + } + } + // Prevent multiple slashes to avoid cross site requests via the Form API. + $uri = '/' . ltrim($uri, '/'); + + return $uri; +} + +/** + * Log an exception. + * + * This is a wrapper function for watchdog() which automatically decodes an + * exception. + * + * @param $type + * The category to which this message belongs. + * @param $exception + * The exception that is going to be logged. + * @param $message + * The message to store in the log. If empty, a text that contains all useful + * information about the passed-in exception is used. + * @param $variables + * Array of variables to replace in the message on display. Defaults to the + * return value of drupal_decode_exception(). + * @param $severity + * The severity of the message, as per RFC 3164. + * @param $link + * A link to associate with the message. + * + * @see watchdog() + * @see drupal_decode_exception() + */ +function watchdog_exception($type, Exception $exception, $message = NULL, $variables = array(), $severity = WATCHDOG_ERROR, $link = NULL) { + + // Use a default value if $message is not set. + if (empty($message)) { + // The exception message is run through check_plain() by _drupal_decode_exception(). + $message = '%type: !message in %function (line %line of %file).'; + } + // $variables must be an array so that we can add the exception information. + if (!is_array($variables)) { + $variables = array(); + } + + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/errors.inc'; + $variables += _drupal_decode_exception($exception); + watchdog($type, $message, $variables, $severity, $link); +} + +/** + * Log a system message. + * + * @param $type + * The category to which this message belongs. Can be any string, but the + * general practice is to use the name of the module calling watchdog(). + * @param $message + * The message to store in the log. Keep $message translatable + * by not concatenating dynamic values into it! Variables in the + * message should be added by using placeholder strings alongside + * the variables argument to declare the value of the placeholders. + * See t() for documentation on how $message and $variables interact. + * @param $variables + * Array of variables to replace in the message on display or + * NULL if message is already translated or not possible to + * translate. + * @param $severity + * The severity of the message, as per RFC 3164. Possible values are + * WATCHDOG_ERROR, WATCHDOG_WARNING, etc. + * @param $link + * A link to associate with the message. + * + * @see watchdog_severity_levels() + * @see hook_watchdog() + */ +function watchdog($type, $message, $variables = array(), $severity = WATCHDOG_NOTICE, $link = NULL) { + global $user, $base_root; + + static $in_error_state = FALSE; + + // It is possible that the error handling will itself trigger an error. In that case, we could + // end up in an infinite loop. To avoid that, we implement a simple static semaphore. + if (!$in_error_state && function_exists('module_implements')) { + $in_error_state = TRUE; + + // Prepare the fields to be logged + $log_entry = array( + 'type' => $type, + 'message' => $message, + 'variables' => $variables, + 'severity' => $severity, + 'link' => $link, + 'user' => $user, + 'request_uri' => $base_root . request_uri(), + 'referer' => isset($_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER']) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'] : '', + 'ip' => ip_address(), + 'timestamp' => REQUEST_TIME, + ); + + // Call the logging hooks to log/process the message + foreach (module_implements('watchdog') as $module) { + module_invoke($module, 'watchdog', $log_entry); + } + + // It is critical that the semaphore is only cleared here, in the parent + // watchdog() call (not outside the loop), to prevent recursive execution. + $in_error_state = FALSE; + } +} + +/** + * Set a message which reflects the status of the performed operation. + * + * If the function is called with no arguments, this function returns all set + * messages without clearing them. + * + * @param $message + * The message to be displayed to the user. For consistency with other + * messages, it should begin with a capital letter and end with a period. + * @param $type + * The type of the message. One of the following values are possible: + * - 'status' + * - 'warning' + * - 'error' + * @param $repeat + * If this is FALSE and the message is already set, then the message won't + * be repeated. + */ +function drupal_set_message($message = NULL, $type = 'status', $repeat = TRUE) { + if ($message) { + if (!isset($_SESSION['messages'][$type])) { + $_SESSION['messages'][$type] = array(); + } + + if ($repeat || !in_array($message, $_SESSION['messages'][$type])) { + $_SESSION['messages'][$type][] = $message; + } + + // Mark this page as being uncacheable. + drupal_page_is_cacheable(FALSE); + } + + // Messages not set when DB connection fails. + return isset($_SESSION['messages']) ? $_SESSION['messages'] : NULL; +} + +/** + * Return all messages that have been set. + * + * @param $type + * (optional) Only return messages of this type. + * @param $clear_queue + * (optional) Set to FALSE if you do not want to clear the messages queue + * @return + * An associative array, the key is the message type, the value an array + * of messages. If the $type parameter is passed, you get only that type, + * or an empty array if there are no such messages. If $type is not passed, + * all message types are returned, or an empty array if none exist. + */ +function drupal_get_messages($type = NULL, $clear_queue = TRUE) { + if ($messages = drupal_set_message()) { + if ($type) { + if ($clear_queue) { + unset($_SESSION['messages'][$type]); + } + if (isset($messages[$type])) { + return array($type => $messages[$type]); + } + } + else { + if ($clear_queue) { + unset($_SESSION['messages']); + } + return $messages; + } + } + return array(); +} + +/** + * Get the title of the current page, for display on the page and in the title bar. + * + * @return + * The current page's title. + */ +function drupal_get_title() { + $title = drupal_set_title(); + + // During a bootstrap, menu.inc is not included and thus we cannot provide a title. + if (!isset($title) && function_exists('menu_get_active_title')) { + $title = check_plain(menu_get_active_title()); + } + + return $title; +} + +/** + * Set the title of the current page, for display on the page and in the title bar. + * + * @param $title + * Optional string value to assign to the page title; or if set to NULL + * (default), leaves the current title unchanged. + * @param $output + * Optional flag - normally should be left as CHECK_PLAIN. Only set to + * PASS_THROUGH if you have already removed any possibly dangerous code + * from $title using a function like check_plain() or filter_xss(). With this + * flag the string will be passed through unchanged. + * + * @return + * The updated title of the current page. + */ +function drupal_set_title($title = NULL, $output = CHECK_PLAIN) { + $stored_title = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__); + + if (isset($title)) { + $stored_title = ($output == PASS_THROUGH) ? $title : check_plain($title); + } + + return $stored_title; +} + +/** + * Check to see if an IP address has been blocked. + * + * Blocked IP addresses are stored in the database by default. However for + * performance reasons we allow an override in settings.php. This allows us + * to avoid querying the database at this critical stage of the bootstrap if + * an administrative interface for IP address blocking is not required. + * + * @param $ip + * IP address to check. + * @return bool + * TRUE if access is denied, FALSE if access is allowed. + */ +function drupal_is_denied($ip) { + // Because this function is called on every page request, we first check + // for an array of IP addresses in settings.php before querying the + // database. + $blocked_ips = variable_get('blocked_ips'); + $denied = FALSE; + if (isset($blocked_ips) && is_array($blocked_ips)) { + $denied = in_array($ip, $blocked_ips); + } + // Only check if database.inc is loaded already. If + // $conf['page_cache_without_database'] = TRUE; is set in settings.php, + // then the database won't be loaded here so the IPs in the database + // won't be denied. However the user asked explicitly not to use the + // database and also in this case it's quite likely that the user relies + // on higher performance solutions like a firewall. + elseif (class_exists('Database', FALSE)) { + $denied = (bool)db_query("SELECT 1 FROM {blocked_ips} WHERE ip = :ip", array(':ip' => $ip))->fetchField(); + } + return $denied; +} + +/** + * Handle denied users. + * + * @param $ip + * IP address to check. Prints a message and exits if access is denied. + */ +function drupal_block_denied($ip) { + // Deny access to blocked IP addresses - t() is not yet available. + if (drupal_is_denied($ip)) { + header($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] . ' 403 Forbidden'); + print 'Sorry, ' . check_plain(ip_address()) . ' has been banned.'; + exit(); + } +} + +/** + * Returns a string of highly randomized bytes (over the full 8-bit range). + * + * This function is better than simply calling mt_rand() or any other built-in + * PHP function because it can return a long string of bytes (compared to < 4 + * bytes normally from mt_rand()) and uses the best available pseudo-random source. + * + * @param $count + * The number of characters (bytes) to return in the string. + */ +function drupal_random_bytes($count) { + // $random_state does not use drupal_static as it stores random bytes. + static $random_state, $bytes; + // Initialize on the first call. The contents of $_SERVER includes a mix of + // user-specific and system information that varies a little with each page. + if (!isset($random_state)) { + $random_state = print_r($_SERVER, TRUE); + if (function_exists('getmypid')) { + // Further initialize with the somewhat random PHP process ID. + $random_state .= getmypid(); + } + $bytes = ''; + } + if (strlen($bytes) < $count) { + // /dev/urandom is available on many *nix systems and is considered the + // best commonly available pseudo-random source. + if ($fh = @fopen('/dev/urandom', 'rb')) { + // PHP only performs buffered reads, so in reality it will always read + // at least 4096 bytes. Thus, it costs nothing extra to read and store + // that much so as to speed any additional invocations. + $bytes .= fread($fh, max(4096, $count)); + fclose($fh); + } + // If /dev/urandom is not available or returns no bytes, this loop will + // generate a good set of pseudo-random bytes on any system. + // Note that it may be important that our $random_state is passed + // through hash() prior to being rolled into $output, that the two hash() + // invocations are different, and that the extra input into the first one - + // the microtime() - is prepended rather than appended. This is to avoid + // directly leaking $random_state via the $output stream, which could + // allow for trivial prediction of further "random" numbers. + while (strlen($bytes) < $count) { + $random_state = hash('sha256', microtime() . mt_rand() . $random_state); + $bytes .= hash('sha256', mt_rand() . $random_state, TRUE); + } + } + $output = substr($bytes, 0, $count); + $bytes = substr($bytes, $count); + return $output; +} + +/** + * Calculate a base-64 encoded, URL-safe sha-256 hmac. + * + * @param $data + * String to be validated with the hmac. + * @param $key + * A secret string key. + * + * @return + * A base-64 encoded sha-256 hmac, with + replaced with -, / with _ and + * any = padding characters removed. + */ +function drupal_hmac_base64($data, $key) { + $hmac = base64_encode(hash_hmac('sha256', $data, $key, TRUE)); + // Modify the hmac so it's safe to use in URLs. + return strtr($hmac, array('+' => '-', '/' => '_', '=' => '')); +} + +/** + * Calculate a base-64 encoded, URL-safe sha-256 hash. + * + * @param $data + * String to be hashed. + * + * @return + * A base-64 encoded sha-256 hash, with + replaced with -, / with _ and + * any = padding characters removed. + */ +function drupal_hash_base64($data) { + $hash = base64_encode(hash('sha256', $data, TRUE)); + // Modify the hash so it's safe to use in URLs. + return strtr($hash, array('+' => '-', '/' => '_', '=' => '')); +} + +/** + * Merges multiple arrays, recursively, and returns the merged array. + * + * This function is similar to PHP's array_merge_recursive() function, but it + * handles non-array values differently. When merging values that are not both + * arrays, the latter value replaces the former rather than merging with it. + * + * Example: + * @code + * $link_options_1 = array('fragment' => 'x', 'attributes' => array('title' => t('X'), 'class' => array('a', 'b'))); + * $link_options_2 = array('fragment' => 'y', 'attributes' => array('title' => t('Y'), 'class' => array('c', 'd'))); + * + * // This results in array('fragment' => array('x', 'y'), 'attributes' => array('title' => array(t('X'), t('Y')), 'class' => array('a', 'b', 'c', 'd'))). + * $incorrect = array_merge_recursive($link_options_1, $link_options_2); + * + * // This results in array('fragment' => 'y', 'attributes' => array('title' => t('Y'), 'class' => array('a', 'b', 'c', 'd'))). + * $correct = drupal_array_merge_deep($link_options_1, $link_options_2); + * @endcode + * + * @param ... + * Arrays to merge. + * + * @return + * The merged array. + * + * @see drupal_array_merge_deep_array() + */ +function drupal_array_merge_deep() { + return drupal_array_merge_deep_array(func_get_args()); +} + +/** + * Merges multiple arrays, recursively, and returns the merged array. + * + * This function is equivalent to drupal_array_merge_deep(), except the + * input arrays are passed as a single array parameter rather than a variable + * parameter list. + * + * The following are equivalent: + * - drupal_array_merge_deep($a, $b); + * - drupal_array_merge_deep_array(array($a, $b)); + * + * The following are also equivalent: + * - call_user_func_array('drupal_array_merge_deep', $arrays_to_merge); + * - drupal_array_merge_deep_array($arrays_to_merge); + * + * @see drupal_array_merge_deep() + */ +function drupal_array_merge_deep_array($arrays) { + $result = array(); + + foreach ($arrays as $array) { + foreach ($array as $key => $value) { + // Renumber integer keys as array_merge_recursive() does. Note that PHP + // automatically converts array keys that are integer strings (e.g., '1') + // to integers. + if (is_integer($key)) { + $result[] = $value; + } + // Recurse when both values are arrays. + elseif (isset($result[$key]) && is_array($result[$key]) && is_array($value)) { + $result[$key] = drupal_array_merge_deep_array(array($result[$key], $value)); + } + // Otherwise, use the latter value, overriding any previous value. + else { + $result[$key] = $value; + } + } + } + + return $result; +} + +/** + * Generates a default anonymous $user object. + * + * @return Object - the user object. + */ +function drupal_anonymous_user() { + $user = new stdClass(); + $user->uid = 0; + $user->hostname = ip_address(); + $user->roles = array(); + $user->roles[DRUPAL_ANONYMOUS_RID] = 'anonymous user'; + $user->cache = 0; + return $user; +} + +/** + * A string describing a phase of Drupal to load. Each phase adds to the + * previous one, so invoking a later phase automatically runs the earlier + * phases too. The most important usage is that if you want to access the + * Drupal database from a script without loading anything else, you can + * include bootstrap.inc, and call drupal_bootstrap(DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_DATABASE). + * + * @param $phase + * A constant. Allowed values are the DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_* constants. + * @param $new_phase + * A boolean, set to FALSE if calling drupal_bootstrap from inside a + * function called from drupal_bootstrap (recursion). + * @return + * The most recently completed phase. + * + */ +function drupal_bootstrap($phase = NULL, $new_phase = TRUE) { + // Not drupal_static(), because does not depend on any run-time information. + static $phases = array( + DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_CONFIGURATION, + DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_PAGE_CACHE, + DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_DATABASE, + DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_VARIABLES, + DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_SESSION, + DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_PAGE_HEADER, + DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_LANGUAGE, + DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_FULL, + ); + // Not drupal_static(), because the only legitimate API to control this is to + // call drupal_bootstrap() with a new phase parameter. + static $final_phase; + // Not drupal_static(), because it's impossible to roll back to an earlier + // bootstrap state. + static $stored_phase = -1; + + // When not recursing, store the phase name so it's not forgotten while + // recursing. + if ($new_phase) { + $final_phase = $phase; + } + if (isset($phase)) { + // Call a phase if it has not been called before and is below the requested + // phase. + while ($phases && $phase > $stored_phase && $final_phase > $stored_phase) { + $current_phase = array_shift($phases); + + // This function is re-entrant. Only update the completed phase when the + // current call actually resulted in a progress in the bootstrap process. + if ($current_phase > $stored_phase) { + $stored_phase = $current_phase; + } + + switch ($current_phase) { + case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_CONFIGURATION: + _drupal_bootstrap_configuration(); + break; + + case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_PAGE_CACHE: + _drupal_bootstrap_page_cache(); + break; + + case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_DATABASE: + _drupal_bootstrap_database(); + break; + + case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_VARIABLES: + _drupal_bootstrap_variables(); + break; + + case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_SESSION: + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . variable_get('session_inc', 'includes/session.inc'); + drupal_session_initialize(); + break; + + case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_PAGE_HEADER: + _drupal_bootstrap_page_header(); + break; + + case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_LANGUAGE: + drupal_language_initialize(); + break; + + case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_FULL: + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/common.inc'; + _drupal_bootstrap_full(); + break; + } + } + } + return $stored_phase; +} + +/** + * Return the time zone of the current user. + */ +function drupal_get_user_timezone() { + global $user; + if (variable_get('configurable_timezones', 1) && $user->uid && $user->timezone) { + return $user->timezone; + } + else { + // Ignore PHP strict notice if time zone has not yet been set in the php.ini + // configuration. + return variable_get('date_default_timezone', @date_default_timezone_get()); + } +} + +/** + * Custom PHP error handler. + * + * @param $error_level + * The level of the error raised. + * @param $message + * The error message. + * @param $filename + * The filename that the error was raised in. + * @param $line + * The line number the error was raised at. + * @param $context + * An array that points to the active symbol table at the point the error occurred. + */ +function _drupal_error_handler($error_level, $message, $filename, $line, $context) { + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/errors.inc'; + _drupal_error_handler_real($error_level, $message, $filename, $line, $context); +} + +/** + * Custom PHP exception handler. + * + * Uncaught exceptions are those not enclosed in a try/catch block. They are + * always fatal: the execution of the script will stop as soon as the exception + * handler exits. + * + * @param $exception + * The exception object that was thrown. + */ +function _drupal_exception_handler($exception) { + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/errors.inc'; + + try { + // Log the message to the watchdog and return an error page to the user. + _drupal_log_error(_drupal_decode_exception($exception), TRUE); + } + catch (Exception $exception2) { + // Another uncaught exception was thrown while handling the first one. + // If we are displaying errors, then do so with no possibility of a further uncaught exception being thrown. + if (error_displayable()) { + print '<h1>Additional uncaught exception thrown while handling exception.</h1>'; + print '<h2>Original</h2><p>' . _drupal_render_exception_safe($exception) . '</p>'; + print '<h2>Additional</h2><p>' . _drupal_render_exception_safe($exception2) . '</p><hr />'; + } + } +} + +/** + * Bootstrap configuration: Setup script environment and load settings.php. + */ +function _drupal_bootstrap_configuration() { + // Set the Drupal custom error handler. + set_error_handler('_drupal_error_handler'); + set_exception_handler('_drupal_exception_handler'); + + drupal_environment_initialize(); + // Start a page timer: + timer_start('page'); + // Initialize the configuration, including variables from settings.php. + drupal_settings_initialize(); + + // Hook up the Symfony ClassLoader for loading PSR-0-compatible classes. + require_once(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/Symfony/Component/ClassLoader/UniversalClassLoader.php'); + + // By default, use the UniversalClassLoader which is best for development, + // as it does not break when code is moved on the file system. It is slow, + // however, so for production the APC class loader should be used instead. + // @todo Switch to a cleaner way to switch autoloaders than variable_get(). + switch (variable_get('autoloader_mode', 'default')) { + case 'apc': + if (function_exists('apc_store')) { + require_once(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/Symfony/Component/ClassLoader/ApcUniversalClassLoader.php'); + $loader = new \Symfony\Component\ClassLoader\ApcUniversalClassLoader('drupal.' . $GLOBALS['drupal_hash_salt']); + break; + } + // If APC was not loaded, fall through to the default loader so that + // the site does not fail completely. + case 'dev': + case 'default': + default: + $loader = new \Symfony\Component\ClassLoader\UniversalClassLoader(); + break; + } + + // Register classes with namespaces. + $loader->registerNamespaces(array( + // All Symfony-borrowed code lives in /includes/Symfony. + 'Symfony' => DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes', + // All Drupal-namespaced code in core lives in /includes/Drupal. + 'Drupal' => DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes', + )); + + // Activate the autoloader. + $loader->register(); +} + +/** + * Bootstrap page cache: Try to serve a page from cache. + */ +function _drupal_bootstrap_page_cache() { + global $user; + + // Allow specifying special cache handlers in settings.php, like + // using memcached or files for storing cache information. + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/cache.inc'; + foreach (variable_get('cache_backends', array()) as $include) { + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $include; + } + // Check for a cache mode force from settings.php. + if (variable_get('page_cache_without_database')) { + $cache_enabled = TRUE; + } + else { + drupal_bootstrap(DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_VARIABLES, FALSE); + $cache_enabled = variable_get('cache'); + } + drupal_block_denied(ip_address()); + // If there is no session cookie and cache is enabled (or forced), try + // to serve a cached page. + if (!isset($_COOKIE[session_name()]) && $cache_enabled) { + // Make sure there is a user object because its timestamp will be + // checked, hook_boot might check for anonymous user etc. + $user = drupal_anonymous_user(); + // Get the page from the cache. + $cache = drupal_page_get_cache(); + // If there is a cached page, display it. + if (is_object($cache)) { + header('X-Drupal-Cache: HIT'); + // Restore the metadata cached with the page. + $_GET['q'] = $cache->data['path']; + drupal_set_title($cache->data['title'], PASS_THROUGH); + date_default_timezone_set(drupal_get_user_timezone()); + // If the skipping of the bootstrap hooks is not enforced, call + // hook_boot. + if (variable_get('page_cache_invoke_hooks', TRUE)) { + bootstrap_invoke_all('boot'); + } + drupal_serve_page_from_cache($cache); + // If the skipping of the bootstrap hooks is not enforced, call + // hook_exit. + if (variable_get('page_cache_invoke_hooks', TRUE)) { + bootstrap_invoke_all('exit'); + } + // We are done. + exit; + } + else { + header('X-Drupal-Cache: MISS'); + } + } +} + +/** + * Bootstrap database: Initialize database system and register autoload functions. + */ +function _drupal_bootstrap_database() { + // Redirect the user to the installation script if Drupal has not been + // installed yet (i.e., if no $databases array has been defined in the + // settings.php file) and we are not already installing. + if (empty($GLOBALS['databases']) && !drupal_installation_attempted()) { + include_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/install.inc'; + install_goto('install.php'); + } + + // The user agent header is used to pass a database prefix in the request when + // running tests. However, for security reasons, it is imperative that we + // validate we ourselves made the request. + if ($test_prefix = drupal_valid_test_ua()) { + // Set the test run id for use in other parts of Drupal. + $test_info = &$GLOBALS['drupal_test_info']; + $test_info['test_run_id'] = $test_prefix; + $test_info['in_child_site'] = TRUE; + + foreach ($GLOBALS['databases']['default'] as &$value) { + // Extract the current default database prefix. + if (!isset($value['prefix'])) { + $current_prefix = ''; + } + elseif (is_array($value['prefix'])) { + $current_prefix = $value['prefix']['default']; + } + else { + $current_prefix = $value['prefix']; + } + + // Remove the current database prefix and replace it by our own. + $value['prefix'] = array( + 'default' => $current_prefix . $test_prefix, + ); + } + } + + // Initialize the database system. Note that the connection + // won't be initialized until it is actually requested. + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/database/database.inc'; + + // Register autoload functions so that we can access classes and interfaces. + // The database autoload routine comes first so that we can load the database + // system without hitting the database. That is especially important during + // the install or upgrade process. + spl_autoload_register('drupal_autoload_class'); + spl_autoload_register('drupal_autoload_interface'); +} + +/** + * Bootstrap variables: Load system variables and all enabled bootstrap modules. + */ +function _drupal_bootstrap_variables() { + global $conf; + + // Initialize the lock system. + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . variable_get('lock_inc', 'includes/lock.inc'); + lock_initialize(); + + // Load variables from the database, but do not overwrite variables set in settings.php. + $conf = variable_initialize(isset($conf) ? $conf : array()); + // Load bootstrap modules. + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/module.inc'; + module_load_all(TRUE); +} + +/** + * Bootstrap page header: Invoke hook_boot(), initialize locking system, and send default HTTP headers. + */ +function _drupal_bootstrap_page_header() { + bootstrap_invoke_all('boot'); + + if (!drupal_is_cli()) { + ob_start(); + drupal_page_header(); + } +} + +/** + * Returns the current bootstrap phase for this Drupal process. + * + * The current phase is the one most recently completed by drupal_bootstrap(). + * + * @see drupal_bootstrap() + */ +function drupal_get_bootstrap_phase() { + return drupal_bootstrap(); +} + +/** + * Checks the current User-Agent string to see if this is an internal request + * from SimpleTest. If so, returns the test prefix for this test. + * + * @return + * Either the simpletest prefix (the string "simpletest" followed by any + * number of digits) or FALSE if the user agent does not contain a valid + * HMAC and timestamp. + */ +function drupal_valid_test_ua() { + global $drupal_hash_salt; + // No reason to reset this. + static $test_prefix; + + if (isset($test_prefix)) { + return $test_prefix; + } + + if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']) && preg_match("/^(simpletest\d+);(.+);(.+);(.+)$/", $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], $matches)) { + list(, $prefix, $time, $salt, $hmac) = $matches; + $check_string = $prefix . ';' . $time . ';' . $salt; + // We use the salt from settings.php to make the HMAC key, since + // the database is not yet initialized and we can't access any Drupal variables. + // The file properties add more entropy not easily accessible to others. + $key = $drupal_hash_salt . filectime(__FILE__) . fileinode(__FILE__); + $time_diff = REQUEST_TIME - $time; + // Since we are making a local request a 5 second time window is allowed, + // and the HMAC must match. + if ($time_diff >= 0 && $time_diff <= 5 && $hmac == drupal_hmac_base64($check_string, $key)) { + $test_prefix = $prefix; + return $test_prefix; + } + } + + return FALSE; +} + +/** + * Generate a user agent string with a HMAC and timestamp for simpletest. + */ +function drupal_generate_test_ua($prefix) { + global $drupal_hash_salt; + static $key; + + if (!isset($key)) { + // We use the salt from settings.php to make the HMAC key, since + // the database is not yet initialized and we can't access any Drupal variables. + // The file properties add more entropy not easily accessible to others. + $key = $drupal_hash_salt . filectime(__FILE__) . fileinode(__FILE__); + } + // Generate a moderately secure HMAC based on the database credentials. + $salt = uniqid('', TRUE); + $check_string = $prefix . ';' . time() . ';' . $salt; + return $check_string . ';' . drupal_hmac_base64($check_string, $key); +} + +/** + * Enables use of the theme system without requiring database access. + * + * Loads and initializes the theme system for site installs, updates and when + * the site is in maintenance mode. This also applies when the database fails. + * + * @see _drupal_maintenance_theme() + */ +function drupal_maintenance_theme() { + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/theme.maintenance.inc'; + _drupal_maintenance_theme(); +} + +/** + * Returns a simple 404 Not Found page. + * + * If fast 404 pages are enabled, and this is a matching page then print a + * simple 404 page and exit. + * + * This function is called from drupal_deliver_html_page() at the time when a + * a normal 404 page is generated, but it can also optionally be called directly + * from settings.php to prevent a Drupal bootstrap on these pages. See + * documentation in settings.php for the benefits and drawbacks of using this. + * + * Paths to dynamically-generated content, such as image styles, should also be + * accounted for in this function. + */ +function drupal_fast_404() { + $exclude_paths = variable_get('404_fast_paths_exclude', FALSE); + if ($exclude_paths && !preg_match($exclude_paths, $_GET['q'])) { + $fast_paths = variable_get('404_fast_paths', FALSE); + if ($fast_paths && preg_match($fast_paths, $_GET['q'])) { + drupal_add_http_header('Status', '404 Not Found'); + $fast_404_html = variable_get('404_fast_html', '<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>404 Not Found</title></head><body><h1>Not Found</h1><p>The requested URL "@path" was not found on this server.</p></body></html>'); + // Replace @path in the variable with the page path. + print strtr($fast_404_html, array('@path' => check_plain(request_uri()))); + exit; + } + } +} + +/** + * Return TRUE if a Drupal installation is currently being attempted. + */ +function drupal_installation_attempted() { + return defined('MAINTENANCE_MODE') && MAINTENANCE_MODE == 'install'; +} + +/** + * Returns the name of the proper localization function. + * + * get_t() exists to support localization for code that might run during + * the installation phase, when some elements of the system might not have + * loaded. + * + * This would include implementations of hook_install(), which could run + * during the Drupal installation phase, and might also be run during + * non-installation time, such as while installing the module from the the + * module administration page. + * + * Example usage: + * @code + * $t = get_t(); + * $translated = $t('translate this'); + * @endcode + * + * Use t() if your code will never run during the Drupal installation phase. + * Use st() if your code will only run during installation and never any other + * time. Use get_t() if your code could run in either circumstance. + * + * @see t() + * @see st() + * @ingroup sanitization + */ +function get_t() { + static $t; + // This is not converted to drupal_static because there is no point in + // resetting this as it can not change in the course of a request. + if (!isset($t)) { + $t = drupal_installation_attempted() ? 'st' : 't'; + } + return $t; +} + +/** + * Initialize all the defined language types. + */ +function drupal_language_initialize() { + $types = language_types(); + + // Ensure the language is correctly returned, even without multilanguage + // support. Also make sure we have a $language fallback, in case a language + // negotiation callback needs to do a full bootstrap. + // Useful for eg. XML/HTML 'lang' attributes. + $default = language_default(); + foreach ($types as $type) { + $GLOBALS[$type] = $default; + } + if (drupal_multilingual()) { + include_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/language.inc'; + foreach ($types as $type) { + $GLOBALS[$type] = language_initialize($type); + } + // Allow modules to react on language system initialization in multilingual + // environments. + bootstrap_invoke_all('language_init'); + } +} + +/** + * The built-in language types. + * + * @return + * An array of key-values pairs where the key is the language type and the + * value is its configurability. + */ +function drupal_language_types() { + return array( + LANGUAGE_TYPE_INTERFACE => TRUE, + LANGUAGE_TYPE_CONTENT => FALSE, + LANGUAGE_TYPE_URL => FALSE, + ); +} + +/** + * Return true if there is more than one language enabled. + */ +function drupal_multilingual() { + // The "language_count" variable stores the number of enabled languages to + // avoid unnecessarily querying the database when building the list of + // enabled languages on monolingual sites. + return variable_get('language_count', 1) > 1; +} + +/** + * Return an array of the available language types. + */ +function language_types() { + return array_keys(variable_get('language_types', drupal_language_types())); +} + +/** + * Returns a list of installed languages, indexed by the specified key. + * + * @param $field + * (optional) The field to index the list with. + * + * @return + * An associative array, keyed on the values of $field. + * - If $field is 'weight' or 'enabled', the array is nested, with the outer + * array's values each being associative arrays with language codes as + * keys and language objects as values. + * - For all other values of $field, the array is only one level deep, and + * the array's values are language objects. + */ +function language_list($field = 'language') { + $languages = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__); + // Init language list + if (!isset($languages)) { + $default = language_default(); + if (drupal_multilingual() || module_exists('locale')) { + $languages['language'] = db_query('SELECT * FROM {languages} ORDER BY weight ASC, name ASC')->fetchAllAssoc('language'); + } + else { + // No locale module, so use the default language only. + $languages['language'][$default->language] = $default; + } + + // Initialize default property so callers have an easy reference and + // can save the same object without data loss. + foreach ($languages['language'] as $langcode => $language) { + $languages['language'][$langcode]->default = ($langcode == $default->language); + } + } + + // Return the array indexed by the right field + if (!isset($languages[$field])) { + $languages[$field] = array(); + foreach ($languages['language'] as $lang) { + // Some values should be collected into an array + if (in_array($field, array('enabled', 'weight'))) { + $languages[$field][$lang->$field][$lang->language] = $lang; + } + else { + $languages[$field][$lang->$field] = $lang; + } + } + } + return $languages[$field]; +} + +/** + * Default language used on the site. + * + * @return + * A language object. + */ +function language_default() { + return variable_get( + 'language_default', + (object) array( + 'language' => 'en', + 'name' => 'English', + 'direction' => 0, + 'enabled' => 1, + 'plurals' => 0, + 'formula' => '', + 'domain' => '', + 'prefix' => '', + 'weight' => 0, + 'javascript' => '' + ) + ); +} + +/** + * Returns the requested URL path of the page being viewed. + * + * Examples: + * - http://example.com/node/306 returns "node/306". + * - http://example.com/drupalfolder/node/306 returns "node/306" while + * base_path() returns "/drupalfolder/". + * - http://example.com/path/alias (which is a path alias for node/306) returns + * "path/alias" as opposed to the internal path. + * - http://example.com/index.php returns an empty string (meaning: front page). + * - http://example.com/index.php?page=1 returns an empty string. + * + * @return + * The requested Drupal URL path. + * + * @see current_path() + */ +function request_path() { + static $path; + + if (isset($path)) { + return $path; + } + + if (isset($_GET['q'])) { + // This is a request with a ?q=foo/bar query string. $_GET['q'] is + // overwritten in drupal_path_initialize(), but request_path() is called + // very early in the bootstrap process, so the original value is saved in + // $path and returned in later calls. + $path = $_GET['q']; + } + elseif (isset($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) { + // This request is either a clean URL, or 'index.php', or nonsense. + // Extract the path from REQUEST_URI. + $request_path = strtok($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], '?'); + $base_path_len = strlen(rtrim(dirname($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']), '\/')); + // Unescape and strip $base_path prefix, leaving q without a leading slash. + $path = substr(urldecode($request_path), $base_path_len + 1); + // If the path equals the script filename, either because 'index.php' was + // explicitly provided in the URL, or because the server added it to + // $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] even when it wasn't provided in the URL (some + // versions of Microsoft IIS do this), the front page should be served. + if ($path == basename($_SERVER['PHP_SELF'])) { + $path = ''; + } + } + else { + // This is the front page. + $path = ''; + } + + // Under certain conditions Apache's RewriteRule directive prepends the value + // assigned to $_GET['q'] with a slash. Moreover we can always have a trailing + // slash in place, hence we need to normalize $_GET['q']. + $path = trim($path, '/'); + + return $path; +} + +/** + * Return a component of the current Drupal path. + * + * When viewing a page at the path "admin/structure/types", for example, arg(0) + * returns "admin", arg(1) returns "structure", and arg(2) returns "types". + * + * Avoid use of this function where possible, as resulting code is hard to read. + * In menu callback functions, attempt to use named arguments. See the explanation + * in menu.inc for how to construct callbacks that take arguments. When attempting + * to use this function to load an element from the current path, e.g. loading the + * node on a node page, please use menu_get_object() instead. + * + * @param $index + * The index of the component, where each component is separated by a '/' + * (forward-slash), and where the first component has an index of 0 (zero). + * @param $path + * A path to break into components. Defaults to the path of the current page. + * + * @return + * The component specified by $index, or NULL if the specified component was + * not found. If called without arguments, it returns an array containing all + * the components of the current path. + */ +function arg($index = NULL, $path = NULL) { + // Even though $arguments doesn't need to be resettable for any functional + // reasons (the result of explode() does not depend on any run-time + // information), it should be resettable anyway in case a module needs to + // free up the memory used by it. + // Use the advanced drupal_static() pattern, since this is called very often. + static $drupal_static_fast; + if (!isset($drupal_static_fast)) { + $drupal_static_fast['arguments'] = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__); + } + $arguments = &$drupal_static_fast['arguments']; + + if (!isset($path)) { + $path = $_GET['q']; + } + if (!isset($arguments[$path])) { + $arguments[$path] = explode('/', $path); + } + if (!isset($index)) { + return $arguments[$path]; + } + if (isset($arguments[$path][$index])) { + return $arguments[$path][$index]; + } +} + +/** + * If Drupal is behind a reverse proxy, we use the X-Forwarded-For header + * instead of $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'], which would be the IP address of + * the proxy server, and not the client's. The actual header name can be + * configured by the reverse_proxy_header variable. + * + * @return + * IP address of client machine, adjusted for reverse proxy and/or cluster + * environments. + */ +function ip_address() { + $ip_address = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__); + + if (!isset($ip_address)) { + $ip_address = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']; + + if (variable_get('reverse_proxy', 0)) { + $reverse_proxy_header = variable_get('reverse_proxy_header', 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'); + if (!empty($_SERVER[$reverse_proxy_header])) { + // If an array of known reverse proxy IPs is provided, then trust + // the XFF header if request really comes from one of them. + $reverse_proxy_addresses = variable_get('reverse_proxy_addresses', array()); + + // Turn XFF header into an array. + $forwarded = explode(',', $_SERVER[$reverse_proxy_header]); + + // Trim the forwarded IPs; they may have been delimited by commas and spaces. + $forwarded = array_map('trim', $forwarded); + + // Tack direct client IP onto end of forwarded array. + $forwarded[] = $ip_address; + + // Eliminate all trusted IPs. + $untrusted = array_diff($forwarded, $reverse_proxy_addresses); + + // The right-most IP is the most specific we can trust. + $ip_address = array_pop($untrusted); + } + } + } + + return $ip_address; +} + +/** + * @ingroup schemaapi + * @{ + */ + +/** + * Get the schema definition of a table, or the whole database schema. + * + * The returned schema will include any modifications made by any + * module that implements hook_schema_alter(). + * + * @param $table + * The name of the table. If not given, the schema of all tables is returned. + * @param $rebuild + * If true, the schema will be rebuilt instead of retrieved from the cache. + */ +function drupal_get_schema($table = NULL, $rebuild = FALSE) { + static $schema; + + if ($rebuild || !isset($table)) { + $schema = drupal_get_complete_schema($rebuild); + } + elseif (!isset($schema)) { + $schema = new SchemaCache(); + } + + if (!isset($table)) { + return $schema; + } + if (isset($schema[$table])) { + return $schema[$table]; + } + else { + return FALSE; + } +} + +/** + * Extends DrupalCacheArray to allow for dynamic building of the schema cache. + */ +class SchemaCache extends DrupalCacheArray { + + public function __construct() { + // Cache by request method. + parent::__construct('schema:runtime:' . ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'GET'), 'cache'); + } + + protected function resolveCacheMiss($offset) { + $complete_schema = drupal_get_complete_schema(); + $value = isset($complete_schema[$offset]) ? $complete_schema[$offset] : NULL; + $this->storage[$offset] = $value; + $this->persist($offset); + return $value; + } +} + +/** + * Get the whole database schema. + * + * The returned schema will include any modifications made by any + * module that implements hook_schema_alter(). + * + * @param $rebuild + * If true, the schema will be rebuilt instead of retrieved from the cache. + */ +function drupal_get_complete_schema($rebuild = FALSE) { + static $schema = array(); + + if (empty($schema) || $rebuild) { + // Try to load the schema from cache. + if (!$rebuild && $cached = cache()->get('schema')) { + $schema = $cached->data; + } + // Otherwise, rebuild the schema cache. + else { + $schema = array(); + // Load the .install files to get hook_schema. + // On some databases this function may be called before bootstrap has + // been completed, so we force the functions we need to load just in case. + if (function_exists('module_load_all_includes')) { + // This function can be called very early in the bootstrap process, so + // we force the module_list() cache to be refreshed to ensure that it + // contains the complete list of modules before we go on to call + // module_load_all_includes(). + module_list(TRUE); + module_load_all_includes('install'); + } + + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/common.inc'; + // Invoke hook_schema for all modules. + foreach (module_implements('schema') as $module) { + // Cast the result of hook_schema() to an array, as a NULL return value + // would cause array_merge() to set the $schema variable to NULL as well. + // That would break modules which use $schema further down the line. + $current = (array) module_invoke($module, 'schema'); + // Set 'module' and 'name' keys for each table, and remove descriptions, + // as they needlessly slow down cache()->get() for every single request. + _drupal_schema_initialize($current, $module); + $schema = array_merge($schema, $current); + } + + drupal_alter('schema', $schema); + // If the schema is empty, avoid saving it: some database engines require + // the schema to perform queries, and this could lead to infinite loops. + if (!empty($schema) && (drupal_get_bootstrap_phase() == DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_FULL)) { + cache()->set('schema', $schema); + } + if ($rebuild) { + cache()->deletePrefix('schema:'); + } + } + } + + return $schema; +} + +/** + * @} End of "ingroup schemaapi". + */ + + +/** + * @ingroup registry + * @{ + */ + +/** + * Confirm that an interface is available. + * + * This function is rarely called directly. Instead, it is registered as an + * spl_autoload() handler, and PHP calls it for us when necessary. + * + * @param $interface + * The name of the interface to check or load. + * @return + * TRUE if the interface is currently available, FALSE otherwise. + */ +function drupal_autoload_interface($interface) { + return _registry_check_code('interface', $interface); +} + +/** + * Confirm that a class is available. + * + * This function is rarely called directly. Instead, it is registered as an + * spl_autoload() handler, and PHP calls it for us when necessary. + * + * @param $class + * The name of the class to check or load. + * @return + * TRUE if the class is currently available, FALSE otherwise. + */ +function drupal_autoload_class($class) { + return _registry_check_code('class', $class); +} + +/** + * Helper to check for a resource in the registry. + * + * @param $type + * The type of resource we are looking up, or one of the constants + * REGISTRY_RESET_LOOKUP_CACHE or REGISTRY_WRITE_LOOKUP_CACHE, which + * signal that we should reset or write the cache, respectively. + * @param $name + * The name of the resource, or NULL if either of the REGISTRY_* constants + * is passed in. + * @return + * TRUE if the resource was found, FALSE if not. + * NULL if either of the REGISTRY_* constants is passed in as $type. + */ +function _registry_check_code($type, $name = NULL) { + static $lookup_cache, $cache_update_needed; + + if ($type == 'class' && class_exists($name) || $type == 'interface' && interface_exists($name)) { + return TRUE; + } + + if (!isset($lookup_cache)) { + $lookup_cache = array(); + if ($cache = cache('bootstrap')->get('lookup_cache')) { + $lookup_cache = $cache->data; + } + } + + // When we rebuild the registry, we need to reset this cache so + // we don't keep lookups for resources that changed during the rebuild. + if ($type == REGISTRY_RESET_LOOKUP_CACHE) { + $cache_update_needed = TRUE; + $lookup_cache = NULL; + return; + } + + // Called from drupal_page_footer, we write to permanent storage if there + // changes to the lookup cache for this request. + if ($type == REGISTRY_WRITE_LOOKUP_CACHE) { + if ($cache_update_needed) { + cache('bootstrap')->set('lookup_cache', $lookup_cache); + } + return; + } + + // $type is either 'interface' or 'class', so we only need the first letter to + // keep the cache key unique. + $cache_key = $type[0] . $name; + if (isset($lookup_cache[$cache_key])) { + if ($lookup_cache[$cache_key]) { + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $lookup_cache[$cache_key]; + } + return (bool) $lookup_cache[$cache_key]; + } + + // This function may get called when the default database is not active, but + // there is no reason we'd ever want to not use the default database for + // this query. + $file = Database::getConnection('default', 'default')->query("SELECT filename FROM {registry} WHERE name = :name AND type = :type", array( + ':name' => $name, + ':type' => $type, + )) + ->fetchField(); + + // Flag that we've run a lookup query and need to update the cache. + $cache_update_needed = TRUE; + + // Misses are valuable information worth caching, so cache even if + // $file is FALSE. + $lookup_cache[$cache_key] = $file; + + if ($file) { + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $file; + return TRUE; + } + else { + return FALSE; + } +} + +/** + * Rescan all enabled modules and rebuild the registry. + * + * Rescans all code in modules or includes directories, storing the location of + * each interface or class in the database. + */ +function registry_rebuild() { + system_rebuild_module_data(); + registry_update(); +} + +/** + * Update the registry based on the latest files listed in the database. + * + * This function should be used when system_rebuild_module_data() does not need + * to be called, because it is already known that the list of files in the + * {system} table matches those in the file system. + * + * @see registry_rebuild() + */ +function registry_update() { + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/registry.inc'; + _registry_update(); +} + +/** + * @} End of "ingroup registry". + */ + +/** + * Central static variable storage. + * + * All functions requiring a static variable to persist or cache data within + * a single page request are encouraged to use this function unless it is + * absolutely certain that the static variable will not need to be reset during + * the page request. By centralizing static variable storage through this + * function, other functions can rely on a consistent API for resetting any + * other function's static variables. + * + * Example: + * @code + * function language_list($field = 'language') { + * $languages = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__); + * if (!isset($languages)) { + * // If this function is being called for the first time after a reset, + * // query the database and execute any other code needed to retrieve + * // information about the supported languages. + * ... + * } + * if (!isset($languages[$field])) { + * // If this function is being called for the first time for a particular + * // index field, then execute code needed to index the information already + * // available in $languages by the desired field. + * ... + * } + * // Subsequent invocations of this function for a particular index field + * // skip the above two code blocks and quickly return the already indexed + * // information. + * return $languages[$field]; + * } + * function locale_translate_overview_screen() { + * // When building the content for the translations overview page, make + * // sure to get completely fresh information about the supported languages. + * drupal_static_reset('language_list'); + * ... + * } + * @endcode + * + * In a few cases, a function can have certainty that there is no legitimate + * use-case for resetting that function's static variable. This is rare, + * because when writing a function, it's hard to forecast all the situations in + * which it will be used. A guideline is that if a function's static variable + * does not depend on any information outside of the function that might change + * during a single page request, then it's ok to use the "static" keyword + * instead of the drupal_static() function. + * + * Example: + * @code + * function actions_do(...) { + * // $stack tracks the number of recursive calls. + * static $stack; + * $stack++; + * if ($stack > variable_get('actions_max_stack', 35)) { + * ... + * return; + * } + * ... + * $stack--; + * } + * @endcode + * + * In a few cases, a function needs a resettable static variable, but the + * function is called many times (100+) during a single page request, so + * every microsecond of execution time that can be removed from the function + * counts. These functions can use a more cumbersome, but faster variant of + * calling drupal_static(). It works by storing the reference returned by + * drupal_static() in the calling function's own static variable, thereby + * removing the need to call drupal_static() for each iteration of the function. + * Conceptually, it replaces: + * @code + * $foo = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__); + * @endcode + * with: + * @code + * // Unfortunately, this does not work. + * static $foo = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__); + * @endcode + * However, the above line of code does not work, because PHP only allows static + * variables to be initializied by literal values, and does not allow static + * variables to be assigned to references. + * - http://php.net/manual/en/language.variables.scope.php#language.variables.scope.static + * - http://php.net/manual/en/language.variables.scope.php#language.variables.scope.references + * The example below shows the syntax needed to work around both limitations. + * For benchmarks and more information, see http://drupal.org/node/619666. + * + * Example: + * @code + * function user_access($string, $account = NULL) { + * // Use the advanced drupal_static() pattern, since this is called very often. + * static $drupal_static_fast; + * if (!isset($drupal_static_fast)) { + * $drupal_static_fast['perm'] = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__); + * } + * $perm = &$drupal_static_fast['perm']; + * ... + * } + * @endcode + * + * @param $name + * Globally unique name for the variable. For a function with only one static, + * variable, the function name (e.g. via the PHP magic __FUNCTION__ constant) + * is recommended. For a function with multiple static variables add a + * distinguishing suffix to the function name for each one. + * @param $default_value + * Optional default value. + * @param $reset + * TRUE to reset a specific named variable, or all variables if $name is NULL. + * Resetting every variable should only be used, for example, for running + * unit tests with a clean environment. Should be used only though via + * function drupal_static_reset() and the return value should not be used in + * this case. + * + * @return + * Returns a variable by reference. + * + * @see drupal_static_reset() + */ +function &drupal_static($name, $default_value = NULL, $reset = FALSE) { + static $data = array(), $default = array(); + // First check if dealing with a previously defined static variable. + if (isset($data[$name]) || array_key_exists($name, $data)) { + // Non-NULL $name and both $data[$name] and $default[$name] statics exist. + if ($reset) { + // Reset pre-existing static variable to its default value. + $data[$name] = $default[$name]; + } + return $data[$name]; + } + // Neither $data[$name] nor $default[$name] static variables exist. + if (isset($name)) { + if ($reset) { + // Reset was called before a default is set and yet a variable must be + // returned. + return $data; + } + // First call with new non-NULL $name. Initialize a new static variable. + $default[$name] = $data[$name] = $default_value; + return $data[$name]; + } + // Reset all: ($name == NULL). This needs to be done one at a time so that + // references returned by earlier invocations of drupal_static() also get + // reset. + foreach ($default as $name => $value) { + $data[$name] = $value; + } + // As the function returns a reference, the return should always be a + // variable. + return $data; +} + +/** + * Reset one or all centrally stored static variable(s). + * + * @param $name + * Name of the static variable to reset. Omit to reset all variables. + */ +function drupal_static_reset($name = NULL) { + drupal_static($name, NULL, TRUE); +} + +/** + * Detect whether the current script is running in a command-line environment. + */ +function drupal_is_cli() { + return (!isset($_SERVER['SERVER_SOFTWARE']) && (php_sapi_name() == 'cli' || (is_numeric($_SERVER['argc']) && $_SERVER['argc'] > 0))); +} + +/** + * Formats text for emphasized display in a placeholder inside a sentence. + * Used automatically by t(). + * + * @param $text + * The text to format (plain-text). + * + * @return + * The formatted text (html). + */ +function drupal_placeholder($text) { + return '<em class="placeholder">' . check_plain($text) . '</em>'; +} + +/** + * Register a function for execution on shutdown. + * + * Wrapper for register_shutdown_function() that catches thrown exceptions to + * avoid "Exception thrown without a stack frame in Unknown". + * + * @param $callback + * The shutdown function to register. + * @param ... + * Additional arguments to pass to the shutdown function. + * + * @return + * Array of shutdown functions to be executed. + * + * @see register_shutdown_function() + * @ingroup php_wrappers + */ +function &drupal_register_shutdown_function($callback = NULL) { + // We cannot use drupal_static() here because the static cache is reset during + // batch processing, which breaks batch handling. + static $callbacks = array(); + + if (isset($callback)) { + // Only register the internal shutdown function once. + if (empty($callbacks)) { + register_shutdown_function('_drupal_shutdown_function'); + } + $args = func_get_args(); + array_shift($args); + // Save callback and arguments + $callbacks[] = array('callback' => $callback, 'arguments' => $args); + } + return $callbacks; +} + +/** + * Internal function used to execute registered shutdown functions. + */ +function _drupal_shutdown_function() { + $callbacks = &drupal_register_shutdown_function(); + + // Set the CWD to DRUPAL_ROOT as it is not guaranteed to be the same as it + // was in the normal context of execution. + chdir(DRUPAL_ROOT); + + try { + while (list($key, $callback) = each($callbacks)) { + call_user_func_array($callback['callback'], $callback['arguments']); + } + } + catch (Exception $exception) { + // If we are displaying errors, then do so with no possibility of a further uncaught exception being thrown. + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/errors.inc'; + if (error_displayable()) { + print '<h1>Uncaught exception thrown in shutdown function.</h1>'; + print '<p>' . _drupal_render_exception_safe($exception) . '</p><hr />'; + } + } +} |