gh-121650: Encode newlines in headers, and verify headers are sound (GH-122233)

## Encode header parts that contain newlines

Per RFC 2047:

> [...] these encoding schemes allow the
> encoding of arbitrary octet values, mail readers that implement this
> decoding should also ensure that display of the decoded data on the
> recipient's terminal will not cause unwanted side-effects

It seems that the "quoted-word" scheme is a valid way to include
a newline character in a header value, just like we already allow
undecodable bytes or control characters.
They do need to be properly quoted when serialized to text, though.


## Verify that email headers are well-formed

This should fail for custom fold() implementations that aren't careful
about newlines.


Co-authored-by: Bas Bloemsaat <bas@bloemsaat.org>
Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

1 files changed, 4 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Lib/email/errors.py b/Lib/email/errors.py
index 3ad00565549..02aa5eced6a 100644
--- a/Lib/email/errors.py
+++ b/Lib/email/errors.py
@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@ class CharsetError(MessageError):
     """An illegal charset was given."""
 
 
+class HeaderWriteError(MessageError):
+    """Error while writing headers."""
+
+
 # These are parsing defects which the parser was able to work around.
 class MessageDefect(ValueError):
     """Base class for a message defect."""